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Экзарх болгарской Церкви митрополит Стефан и Московская Патриархия

Экзарх болгарской Церкви митрополит Стефан и Московская Патриархия

Abstract

The article covers the last period of church-administrative activity of the Sofia’s metropolitan Stephаn (Shokov). The author describes the testimonies of contemporaries about the character and personal qualities of this ambiguous hierarch. In 1945–1948 metropolitan Stephan was the exarch of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church and participated in the Meeting of heads and representatives of Autocephalous Orthodox Churches in 1948. The author considers the circumstances of the dismissal of metropolitan Stephаn and his exile as especially important and interesting ones. The meeting of 1948 became the critical event in the exarch’s destiny. Being the supporter of ecumenism, metropolitan Stephen tried unsuccessfully to convince Patriarch Alexis of his rightness in order not to allow the condemnation of ecumenical contacts by the Moscow meeting. However Moscow looked on ecumenism differently in those days. In Moscow the Soviet management aspired to establishment of the centre of World Orthodoxy and tried to cite the Moscow Patriarchy against Constantinople that was under the influence of the USA and the Great Britain. As the Constantinople Patriarchy approved the ecumenical movement, the Moscow Patriarchy has been forced to take of an opposite position. Therefore, the participation of the Russian Church and Churches of the socialist countries in the ecumenical movement was impossible. Metropolitan Stephan, supporting the superiority of the Moscow Patriarchy in the World Orthodoxy, supported the active participation of all Local Churches in the ecumenical movement. The communistic management applied the maximum force to the exarch in order he has not made undesirable statements at the meeting. The fate of metropolitan Stephan has been decided after this meeting. In 1948 he was fired and exiled. The Moscow Patriarchy did not exclude the possibility of moving of metropolitan Stephаn to Russia and his location in any monastery. However metropolitan Stephаn remained in Bulgaria. The destiny of the exarh confirms once again, that the independent position of the hierarch threatened him with full elimination from a church-public life in those years.

Статья посвящена последнему периоду церковно-административной деятельности митрополита Софийского Стефана (Шокова). Приводятся свидетельства современников о характере и личных качествах этого противоречивого иерарха. В 1945–1948 гг. митрополит Стефан был экзархом Болгарской Православной Церкви, принял участие в Совещании глав и представителей Автокефальных Православных Церквей 1948 г. Особенно важными и интересными представляются обстоятельства увольнения митрополита Стефана и его последующей ссылки. Переломным событием в судьбе экзарха стало совещание 1948 г. Являясь сторонником экуменизма, митрополит Стефан безуспешно пытался убедить в своей правоте патриарха Алексия и не допустить осуждения экуменических контактов Московским совещанием. Однако в Москве в те годы смотрели на экуменизм иначе. Советское руководство стремилось к созданию в Москве центра мирового православия, старалось противопоставить Московский Патриархат Константинополю, находившемуся под влиянием США и Великобритании. Поскольку Вселенский престол одобрял участие в экуменическом движении, то Московская Патриархия была вынуждена занять противоположную позицию. В этой связи участие Русской Церкви в экуменическом движении было невозможно. Митрополит Стефан, высказываясь за первенство Московского Патриархата в мировом православии, выступал за активное участие всех Поместных Церквей в экуменическом движении. Коммунистическое руководство приложило максимум усилий к тому, чтобы со стороны экзарха не прозвучало нежелательных заявлений на совещании. После окончания этого мероприятия судьба митрополита Стефана была решена. В том же 1948 г. он был уволен на покой и отправлен в ссылку. При этом Московская Патриархия не исключала возможности переезда митрополита Стефана в Россию и поселения его в каком-либо монастыре. Однако митрополит Стефан остался в Болгарии. Судьба экзарха лишний раз подтверждает, что независимая позиция иерарха в те годы грозила ему полным устранением от церковно-общественной жизни.

Keywords

РУССКАЯ ПРАВОСЛАВНАЯ ЦЕРКОВЬ, БОЛГАРСКАЯ ПРАВОСЛАВНАЯ ЦЕРКОВЬ, ПАТРИАРХ АЛЕКСИЙ I, МИТРОПОЛИТ СТЕФАН (ШОКОВ), СОВЕЩАНИЕ ГЛАВ И ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЕЙ АВТОКЕФАЛЬНЫХ ПРАВОСЛАВНЫХ ЦЕРКВЕЙ 1948 Г, СОВЕТ ПО ДЕЛАМ РПЦ, ЭКУМЕНИЗМ, METROPOLITAN STEPHАN (SHOKOV), THE AFFAIRS’ COUNCIL OF THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold