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Мышление при параноидной шизофрении и шизотипическом расстройстве: сравнительное исследование

Мышление при параноидной шизофрении и шизотипическом расстройстве: сравнительное исследование

Abstract

Обсуждаются дифференциальные критерии оценки мышления в норме и при его расстройствах, приводятся описания основных подходов к исследованию нарушений мышления в отечественной и зарубежной психологии, рассматриваются различные аспекты качественного и количественного подходов к оценке нарушений мышления в отечественной медицинской психологии. Представлены результаты сравнительного исследования нейропсихологических и патопсихологических характеристик мышления 127 больных с различными формами шизофрении, в том числе 75 больных параноидной шизофренией и 52 пациентов с шизотипическим расстройством. Полученные результаты показывают, что нарушения мышления у пациентов с параноидной шизофренией связаны, в первую очередь, с неэффективностью логико-мыслительных операций, используемых в решении практических задач, в результате чего отмечается снижение показателей интеллектуальной деятельности (проявляющиеся клинико-психологической и экспериментально-психологической картиной снижения интеллекта). Пациенты с параноидной шизофренией достоверно отличаются (на высоким уровне статистической значимости) по отдельным характеристикам мыслительной деятельности от пациентов с шизотипическим расстройством: они хуже дифференцируют и анализируют структуру (целое); проявляют меньшую способность к динамической (быстрой) наблюдательности и прослеживанию закономерных изменений, в меньшей степени проявляют умение дифференцировать элементы и выявлять связи между элементами «гештальта» и др.

The aim of the study was to investigate the neuropsychological and patopsyhological characteristics of thinking in various forms of schizophrenia. The study involved 75 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 52 patients with schizotypal disorder. The findings suggest that disturbances of thinking in patients with paranoid schizophrenia are associated primarily with the inability to effectively use, apply thinking in solving practical problems. As a result of inadequate use of mental operations decreased intellectual indicators (in the form of lower intelligence). Patients with paranoid schizophrenia was significantly different (at a high level of statistic significance) from patients with schizotypal disorder in individual characteristics of thinking activity: worse differentiate and analyze the structure (whole); show less capacity for dynamic (fast) observation and tracking regular changes, they are less able to differentiate the elements and identify the relationship between elements of the "gestalt" and others. The article also discusses the definition of differential criteria in the evaluation of thinking, there is the presence of qualitative and quantitative approaches in assessing breaches of thinking among domestic medical psychologists.

Keywords

ШИЗОФРЕНИЯ, КОГНИТИВНЫЙ ДЕФИЦИТ, МЫШЛЕНИЕ, ПАТОПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ СИМПТОМОКОМПЛЕКС

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold