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Социальные протестные выступления в исламской Республике Иран

Социальные протестные выступления в исламской Республике Иран

Abstract

The article deals with causes and distinctive features of social protest movements in Iran through the prism of the effect that historic and contemporary developments have on them. The author analyses the most important factors that influence social activity during periods of exacerbating internal tensions in Iran. Great importance is attached to the Shia clergy's role in leading protest movements in the country before the Islamic revolution. Besides, the author evaluates the capacity of the ruling clergy to halt protests and ensure the majority's loyalty to the governing regime. Considerable attention is paid to the characteristics of the so-called «green movement» in which during 2011-2012. Again loudly declared himself to speak in support of popular uprisings in several Arab countries during the «Arab Spring». Under the influence of these events in Iran have again begun a protest against President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. In this regard, the Iranian authorities placed under house arrest of several opposition leaders, including Mousavi. Since then, the situation in Iran in general has stabilized. Moreover, the leaders of the «green» M. Mousavi and M. Kyarubi made a number of harsh anti-Western statements, in which he accused the West of choosing «wrong way» to resolve the Iranian nuclear issue by introducing anti-Iranian sanctions. They are, from the point of view of the opposition leaders, especially not hit the economic interests of the Iranian government and the Iranian citizen. The election in November 2013 the new president of Iran representative of the liberal camp Hassan Rouhani also had a positive impact on the containment of the Iranian opposition street protests.

В статье рассматриваются причины и особенности социальных протестных выступлений в Иране. Автор исследует важнейшие факторы, влияющие на социальную активность населения в периоды обострения внутренней напряжённости в этой стране. Особое внимание уделено роли шиитского духовенства в руководстве протестными выступлениями в период до победы исламской революции, оцениваются возможности правящего духовенства по сдерживанию протестных выступлений и обеспечению лояльности большей части населения к правящему в стране режиму. Существенное место уделено характеристике так называемого «зелёного движения», которое в 2011-2012 гг. вновь громко заявило о себе поддержкой событий «Арабской весны». На этом фоне в Иране возобновились акции протеста против президента страны М. Ахмадинежада, что послужило основанием для заключения под домашний арест нескольких лидеров оппозиции. С тех пор положение в ИРИ в целом стабилизировалось. Более того, лидеры «зелёных» М.Х. Мусави и М. Кяруби сделали ряд жёстких заявлений, в которых антииранские санкции Запада были охарактеризованы как «ошибочный путь» к решению иранской ядерной проблемы. С точки зрения лидеров оппозиции, санкции наносят ущерб не экономическим интересам иранского правительства, а снижают уровень жизни обычных граждан. Избрание в ноябре 2013 г. президентом ИРИ представителя либерального лагеря Хасана Рухани положительно повлияло на сдерживание уличных протестов оппозиции.

Keywords

НЕДОВОЛЬСТВО НАРОДНЫХ МАСС, ПРОТЕСТНЫЕ АКЦИИ, «ЗЕЛЁНОЕ ДВИЖЕНИЕ», МОЛОДЁЖНЫЕ И СТУДЕНЧЕСКИЕ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ, ЛИДЕРЫ ИРАНА, «GREEN MOVEMENT», IRAN''S RELIGIOUS AUTHORITIES

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    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold