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«Начитавшись Библии»: к вопросу об идентичности русских иудействующих в XIX - начале XX в

«Начитавшись Библии»: к вопросу об идентичности русских иудействующих в XIX - начале XX в

Abstract

The article attempts to analyze some aspects of the Russian Judaizers’ self-representation from the nineteenth to the early twentieth century. During the period under review the identity of the followers of ‘Mosaic Law’ was being constructed on the basis of the Old Testament. The religious constituent was dominating in both negative and positive identities of the Subbotniks. The Judaizers called themselves ‘Jews’ (biblically), ‘the congregation of the Lord’, ‘newcomers to Israel’, ‘Abraham’s offspring’, ‘the ten tribes of Israel’ and so forth. The negative identity of the followers of ‘Mosaic Law’ was being realized by means of correlation with contemporary Jews and Orthodox Christians. The attitude to Jews varied from hostile distancing to full identification in different sectarian communities. Contrasting themselves to the Orthodox Christians the Judaizers used such concepts as ‘captivity’, ‘gentiles’, correlating surrounding reality with biblical eschatology, toponymics and ethnonymics. At the same time Christian notions and ideas were implicitly represented in the self-consciousness of some of the Subbotniks.

Статья посвящена анализу некоторых аспектов саморепрезентации русских иудействующих в XIX начале XX вв. На протяжении рассматриваемого периода происходило конструирование идентичности последователей «Моисеева закона», основой для которого служили ветхозаветные тексты. Религиозный компонент доминировал и в позитивной, и в негативной стратегиях построения идентичности субботников. Иудаизанты называли себя «евреями» (в библейском смысле), «народом Божьим», «пришельцами к Израилю», «потомками Авраама», «десятью израильскими коленами» и т. п. Негативная идентичность приверженцев «Моисеева учения» реализовывалась через сопоставление с современными им евреями и православными. Отношение к иудеям в разных сектантских сообществах варьировалось от враждебного дистанцирования до полного отождествления. Противопоставляя себя православным, иудействующие оперировали такими понятиями, как «плен», «язычники» и т. п., соотнося окружавшую их реальность с библейской эсхатологией, топонимикой, этнонимикой. При этом в самосознании части субботников имплицитно присутствовали христианские концепты и идеи.

Keywords

РУССКИЕ ИУДЕЙСТВУЮЩИЕ,THE RUSSIAN JUDAIZERS,ПОЗИТИВНАЯ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬ,POSITIVE IDENTITY,НЕГАТИВНАЯ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬ,NEGATIVE IDENTITY,МОИСЕЕВ ЗАКОН,"ПРИШЕЛЬЦЫ К ИЗРАИЛЮ",MOSAIC LAW,'NEWCOMERS TO ISRAEL'

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
bronze