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Когнитивная функция языка в роли нейтрализатора межъязыковой асимметрии

Когнитивная функция языка в роли нейтрализатора межъязыковой асимметрии

Abstract

В настоящей статье предпринята попытка показать, что сравнительно-типологические разыскания, проводимые как в рамках близкородственных языков, так и на уровне языков неродственных, вскрывают тот неопровержимый факт, что в основе всех расхождений (лексической, семантической и синтаксической природы) лежат, в первую очередь, системные особенности отдельно взятого естественного языка. Нейтрализатором межъязыковой асимметрии, неизбежно возникающей между сопоставляемыми лингвосистемами, становится когнитивный подход к изучению языка. Иллюстрацией сказанному могут послужить некоторые расхождения между французской и русской языковыми системами, проявляющиеся как на грамматическом, так и лексическом уровнях: при передаче некоторых грамматических категорий или межъязыковых лексических омонимов. Когнитивный подход к изучению языка, лежащий в основе формирования межъязыковых лексических омонимов, показывает, что значения этих последних совпадают редко, а ситуация, когда объем значения такого рода лексики имеет существенные различия, является довольно стереотипной и нейтральной. В практике перевода, опирающегося на всевозможные проявления соотношений между разными лингвокультурами, достаточно частотной становится ситуация, когда для передачи какой-либо грамматической категории, не имеющей формального аналога в другой языковой системе, выбор средств иного уровня уже не грамматического, а лексического или даже синтаксического оказывается попросту неизбежным.

The article deals with an attempt to show that the comparative-typological researches, conducted in the framework of closely related languages and at the level of unrelated langua-ges, reveal the irrefutable fact that, first of all, the system features of a single natural language lie in the basis of all the differences (lexical, semantic and syntactic). The neutralizer of the interlingual asymmetry that inevitably appears between the compared linguistic systems becomes a cognitive approach to language learning. It may be illustrated by some discrepancies between the French and the Russian language systems that appear on the grammatical and lexical levels transferring some grammatical categories and interlingual lexical homonyms. The cognitive approach to language learning that lies in the basis of the formation of some interlingual lexical homonyms, shows that their values are rarely the same, and the situation where the amount of the value of this kind of vocabulary has significant differences, is quite stereotyped and neutral. In the practice of translation, based on the various manifestations of the relations between the different linguistic cultures, a situation becomes enough frequency where the choice of meanings of different level not grammatical, lexical or syntactic is simply inevitable to transfer of any grammatical category, which has no formal counterpart in another language system.

Keywords

CONTRASTIVE LINGUISTIC,CATEGORICAL MEANING,FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCES,INTERLINGUAL ASYMMETRY,COGNITIVE FUNCTION OF THE LANGUAGE,КОНТРАСТИВНАЯ ЛИНГВИСТИКА,КАТЕГОРИАЛЬНОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ,ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ РАЗЛИЧИЯ,МЕЖЪЯЗЫКОВАЯ АСИММЕТРИЯ,КОГНИТИВНАЯ ФУНКЦИЯ ЯЗЫКА

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold