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Исследование удельной электропроводности электролитов хромирования и никелирования

Исследование удельной электропроводности электролитов хромирования и никелирования

Abstract

The paper presents the results of measuring specific electrical conductivity (SEC) of chromium and nickel plating electrolytes with the help of a non-contacting conductivity meter of the CRAB-d 064 type in temperature intervals corresponding to the working ranges of electrochemical deposition processes. A schematic diagram of the apparatus for the measurement of electrolyte SEC is presented. Electrolytes based on chromium compounds of varying degrees of valence (Cr 3 + Cr 6 +) and a standard nickel electrolyte (Watts electrolyte) were chosen as the objects of study. The dependence of the SEC of electrolytes on their temperature is analyzed, a comparative assessment of the impact of temperature on the electrical conductivity of various chroming electrolytes is given. The influence of addition of nanoparticles of aluminum oxide and silicon carbide with the dispersion of 40-100 nm and a specific surface area of 23-32 m 2 / g on the amount of electrical conductivity of an oxalatesulfate electrolyte for chromium plating at a specified temperature is investigated. The study of nanosuspensions showed that the addition of nanoparticles of different nature with the concentration of 5-10 g / l to an electrolyte has no significant effect on the value of SEC. To evaluate the relationship between the electrolyte conductivity and process parameters of electrodeposition of chromium and nickel coatings a qualitative assessment of chromium and nickel current output was performed and bar graphs showing the ratio of the values of the electrolyte electrical conductivity and the metal current output are presented. It has been established that the electrical conductivity of electrolytes and the metal current output are parameters that do not depend on each other.

Представлены результаты измерений удельной электропроводности (УЭП) электролитов хромирования и никелирования с помощью бесконтактного кондуктометра типа КРАБ-Д № 064 в температурных интервалах, соответствующих рабочим диапазонам электрохимических процессов осаждения покрытий. Показана принципиальная схема установки для измерений УЭП электролитов. В качестве объектов исследования выбраны электролиты на основе соединений хрома различной степени валентности (Cr 3+,Cr 6+) и стандартный электролит никелирования (электролит Уотса). Исследована зависимость УЭП электролитов от их температуры, дана сравнительная оценка влияния температурного фактора на величину электропроводности различных электролитов хромирования. Изучено влияние добавок наноразмерных частиц оксида алюминия и карбида кремния дисперсностью 40-100 нм и удельной поверхностью 23-32 м 2/г на величину электропроводности оксалатно-сульфатного электролита хромирования при заданных значениях температуры. Исследованием наносуспензий установлено, что добавка в электролиты наноразмерных частиц различной природы концентрацией 5-10 г/л не оказывает существенного влияния на величину УЭП. Для оценки взаимосвязи электропроводности электролитов с технологическими параметрами процесса электроосаждения хромовых и никелевых покрытий была проведена количественная оценка выхода по току хрома и никеля и представлены гистограммы, показывающие соотношение величин электропроводности электролита и выхода металла по току. Установлено, что электропроводность электролитов и выход металла по току являются независимыми друг от друга параметрами.

Keywords

УДЕЛЬНАЯ ЭЛЕКТРОПРОВОДНОСТЬ, КОНДУКТОМЕТР, ЭЛЕКТРОЛИТ ХРОМИРОВАНИЯ, ЭЛЕКТРОЛИТ НИКЕЛИРОВАНИЯ, ВЫХОД ПО ТОКУ, НАНОРАЗМЕРНЫЕ ЧАСТИЦЫ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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