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Публичные услуги - между муниципальным и частным сектором: «Возвращение коммун»?

Публичные услуги - между муниципальным и частным сектором: «Возвращение коммун»?

Abstract

Проблема выбора конкретных форм предоставления услуг населению муниципального образования и осуществляющих этот процесс организаций сохраняет свою актуальность начиная с XIX столетия и до настоящего времени. Подход к решению данной проблемы менялся неоднократно: первые ростки «муниципального социализма» были в дальнейшем поддержаны развитием социального государства, принявшего на себя основной груз ответственности за обеспечение качества жизни. Главной являлась при этом политическая рациональность, исходившая из идей равенства и социальной справедливости. Во второй половине прошлого столетия на смену политической рациональности приходит рациональность экономическая, потребовавшая активной приватизации различных типов услуг для снижения затрат бюджетов всех уровней на субсидирование многих процессов по жизнеобеспечению территорий. Реформы такого типа осуществлялись в основном консервативными политическими силами: наиболее радикально в Великобритании при правительстве М. Тэтчер. В настоящее время наблюдается интенсивное движение в противоположном направлении, т. е. рекоммунализация процесса предоставления важнейших услуг по жизнеобеспечению и поддержанию качества жизни на уровне, соответствующем параметрам, закрепленным законодательством конкретной страны

Since the 19th century and till now the problem of choice between different forms of services for the citizens and of the organizations giving the services on optimal level of life quality does not lose its actuality. The approach to solving the problem has changed many times: the first steps of the “municipal socialism” have been promoted by the welfare state, which was fully responsible for a life quality to the utmost. The main role played during the time the political rationality including ideas of equality and social justice. But in the second half of the 20th century the economic rationality won the leading place and many services have been privatized to cut the expenses of budgets on different level for subsidizing them. Such reforms were carried out mostly by conservative governments, the most radical ones in great Britain by M. Thatcher. At present the recommunalization of services in the communities is relatively intensive. It means the municipalities are turning round and taking back the municipal organizations and the responsibility for a life quality of their citizens.

Keywords

УСЛУГИ,SERVICES,ЖИЗНЕОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ,LIFE QUALITY,МУНИЦИПАЛЬНЫЙ СОЦИАЛИЗМ,MUNICIPAL SOCIALISM,СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВО,WELFARE STATE,ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ РАЦИОНАЛЬНОСТЬ,POLITICAL RATIONALITY,ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ РАЦИОНАЛЬНОСТЬ,ECONOMIC RATIONALITY,РЕКОММУНАЛИЗАЦИЯ,RECOMMUNALIZATION

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold