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Неустойка в российском и зарубежном законодательстве

Неустойка в российском и зарубежном законодательстве

Abstract

The article with the concept and value of the penalty as a way to enforce the obligations in the domestic and foreign legislation, controversial scientific and practical issues to reduce the penalty amount; substantiates the suggestion that the court reduction of the size of the penalty (Article 333 CC) should be possible only at the request of the defendant and on condition of laying the burden of proof of «clear» disproportion of the penalty to be paid to the consequences of the breach on the defendant. It gives proof of the idea to exclude the possibility of reducing the size of the penalty, if, under the contract or by law the payment of the penalty for failure to perform or improper performance of obligations, the obligation ceases. The article has a comparative legal analysis of the legal regulation of the penalty in Russia and foreign countries.

В работе рассматривается понятие и значение неустойки как способа обеспечения исполнения обязательств в российском и зарубежном законодательстве, рассматриваются спорные в науке и на практике вопросы о снижении размера неустойки. Обосновывается предложение, что уменьшение судом размера неустойки ( статья 333 ГК РФ ) должно быть возможно только по ходатайству ответчика и при условии возложения на него бремени доказывания « явной » несоразмерности подлежащей уплате неустойки последствиям нарушения обязательства, а также идея об исключении возможности уменьшения размера неустойки, если в соответствии с договором или законом уплатой неустойки за неисполнение или ненадлежащее исполнение обязательства это обязательство прекращается. Проводится сравнительно правовой анализ правового регулирования неустойки в России и зарубежных странах.

Keywords

НЕУСТОЙКА, БРЕМЯ ДОКАЗЫВАНИЯ, ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ИСПОЛНЕНИЯ ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬСТВА, УНИФИКАЦИЯ ПРАВА, СНИЖЕНИЕ РАЗМЕРА НЕУСТОЙКИ

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    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold
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