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Радиоактивное загрязнение воздуха в результате лесных пожаров и его опасность для здоровья человека

Радиоактивное загрязнение воздуха в результате лесных пожаров и его опасность для здоровья человека

Abstract

The article presents results of experimental assessment of absolute content of 137Cs in combustion aerosols, produced as a result of burning of forest fuel contained different amount of radioactive pollutants. Linear dependence of volume radioactivity of 137Cs in combustion gas on its specific radioactivity in combustible materials was shown. On the basis of obtained experimental data the individual radiation doses to firefighters and the population were calculated. To estimate a greater contributor to individual dose received by a firefighter and a citizen different scenarios of forest fire breaking-out in radioactively contaminated areas were modeled. Radiation dose from external exposure and inhalation dose were found to be the greater contributors to the dose that firefighters received during their work in a contaminated zone. At the same time the contribution of inhalation dose was at most 1% of the total dose that received by a citizen. Inhalation dose to a professional may exceed the reference level during fire-fighting operations in the forest, in which the density of radioactive contamination with 137Cs is 600 kBq/m2 and higher. The inhalation dose to citizens may exceed the reference level if the fire breaks out in the forest, in which the density of contamination is 370 kBq/m2 and higher.

Приведены результаты экспериментальных работ по оценке абсолютного выхода 137Cs с дымовыми аэрозолями при сгорании лесных горючих материалов с различной степенью радиоактивного загрязнения. Показано, что объёмная активность 137Cs в дымовых аэрозолях имеет линейную зависимость от удельной активности изотопа в горючих материалах. На основании полученных данных, с использованием общепринятых методик, были рассчитаны индивидуальные дозы облучения для пожарных и для населения. Основной вклад в дозу облучения участников пожаротушения дают внешнее облучение при нахождении на загрязнённой территории и доза ингаляционного облучения от вдыхания дымовых аэрозолей. При этом доза ингаляционного облучения наблюдателя составляет не более 1% от суммарной дозы облучения. Контрольный уровень ингаляционной дозы облучения персонала может быть превышен при тушении пожара в лесных насаждениях с плотностью радиоактивного загрязнения по 137Cs 600 кБк/м2 и выше. Для населения контрольные уровни могут быть превышены при возникновении пожара в лесных насаждениях с уровнем загрязнения 370 кБк/м2 и выше.

Keywords

ЛЕСНЫЕ ПОЖАРЫ,РАДИОАКТИВНОЕ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЕ,ГОРЮЧИЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ,ДЫМОВЫЕ АЭРОЗОЛИ,ГОРЕНИЕ,ВНЕШНЕЕ ОБЛУЧЕНИЕ,ИНГАЛЯЦИОННОЕ ПОСТУПЛЕНИЕ,СУММАРНЫЕ ДОЗЫ,КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ УРОВНИ,СЦЕНАРИИ ПОЖАРОВ,FOREST FIRES,RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION,FOREST FUEL MATERIALS,SMOKE AEROSOLS,BURNING,EXTERNAL EXPOSURE,INHALATION INTAKE,TOTAL DOSE,REFERENCE LEVEL,FIRE SCENARIOS

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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