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Моделирование сахарного диабета и диабетической нефропатии в эксперименте

Моделирование сахарного диабета и диабетической нефропатии в эксперименте

Abstract

Учитывая неуклонно возрастающее во всем мире число больных сахарным диабетом, актуальной проблемой остаётся изучение патогенетических механизмов возникновения и прогрессии и способов профилактики одного из наиболее грозных осложнений заболевания – диабетической нефропатии. В этой связи важное значение имеет моделирование сахарного диабета с последующим развитием диабетической нефропатии у экспериментальных животных. Среди существующих на сегодняшний день генетических и негенетический моделей диабетической нефропатии наиболее изученными и подробно описанными, в силу их простоты реализации, относительно низкой затратности и возможности воспроизведения в любой экспериментальной лаборатории, являются модели диабетической нефропатии у грызунов со стрептозотоциновым сахарным диабетом, развивающие обратимые стадии диабетической болезни почек, наблюдаемые в клинической практике. В данном обзоре подробно описаны морфофункциональные почечные изменения у крыс с диабетической нефропатией при сахарном диабете 1 и 2 типа, индуцированного введением стрептозотоцина, изложены механизмы его повреждающего действия и способы уменьшения цитотоксичности, описана методика приготовления раствора стрептозотоцина, проведён обзор значимых преимуществ и имеющихся недостатков описанных моделей.

The worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its severe complications, such as diabetic nephropathy, are rising dramatically, and prevention and treatment are therefore becoming increasingly important. Appropriate experimental animal models are essential tools for understanding the pathogenesis of the onset and progression of the complication, and for testing of various therapeutic agents with nephroprotective properties. Among existing genetic and non-genetic models of diabetes, the most well studied and described, due to their practical simplicity, relatively low cost basis, and easy reproducibility in any laboratory, are models of diabetic nephropathy in rodents with streptozotocin-induced both type 1 and 2 diabetes resulting in renal morphofunctional changes with similarities to reversible stages of human diabetic kidney disease. This overview provides detailed analysis of the rat models of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy, with reference to their characteristic features, attractive benefits and significant disadvantages. In addition, the review describes the preparation of streptozotocin solution, its cytotoxicity mechanisms which could also affect the interpretation of morphofunctional renal findings, and approaches used for their prevention.

Keywords

ВЫСОКОЖИРОВОЕ ПИТАНИЕ., ГЕМИНЕФРЭКТОМИЯ, НИКОТИНАМИД, СТРЕПТОЗОТОЦИН, КРЫСЫ, МОДЕЛИ У ЖИВОТНЫХ, ПОЧКИ, ДИАБЕТИЧЕСКАЯ НЕФРОПАТИЯ, САХАРНЫЙ ДИАБЕТ 1 ТИП И 2 ТИП, HIGH-FAT DIET.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold