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Применение вспомогательных средств в подготовке спортсменов высокой квалификации

Применение вспомогательных средств в подготовке спортсменов высокой квалификации

Abstract

В статье дается обоснование применения вспомогательных (нетрадиционных, внетренировочных, тренажерных, дополнительных) средств подготовки спортсменов высокой квалификации. Применение таких средств должно быть строго регламентировано по характеру, направлению, структуре и способу взаимодействия с организмом спортсмена и основано на фундаментальной теории П.К. Анохина о локомоторной функциональной системе человека. Теоретически и на практике обосновывается технология взаимодействия таких средств с организмом спортсмена: после биомеханического анализа специального спортивного упражнения следует определить главное функциональное (лимитирующее) звено двигательного стереотипа спортсмена. Далее, в структуре выполнения соревновательного упражнения применять указанные средства, обеспечивая воздействие облегчающего (вспомогательного) характера на главное функциональное (лимитирующее) звено локомоторного акта. Только при такой схеме дополнительного воздействия можно ожидать оптимизирующую перестройку двигательного стереотипа локомоторной функциональной системы и избежать перенапряжения в компонентах и системах энергообеспечения главного функционального (лимитирующего) звена спортивного упражнения. Критериями оптимизации являются усиление синергических и уменьшение антагонистических нервно-мышечных проявлений двигательного акта, усиление механизмов релаксации уже в ходе выполнения спортивного упражнения и повышение разрешающей способности проприорецептивной системы организма спортсмена.

In article justification for application of auxiliary (nonconventional, extra training, training, additional) means in preparation of elite athletes is given. Application of such means has to be strictly regulated on character, the direction, structure and a way of interaction with an organism of the athlete and is based on P.K. Anokhin’s fundamental theory about lokomotor functional system of the person. Theoretically and in practice the technology of interaction of such means with an organism of the athlete locates: after the biomechanical analysis of special sports exercise it is necessary to define the main functional (limiting) link of a motive stereotype of the athlete. Further, in structure of performance of competitive exercise to apply the specified means, providing impact of facilitating (auxiliary) character on the main functional (limiting) link of the lokomotor act. Only at such scheme of additional influence it is possible to expect optimizing reorganization of a motive stereotype of lokomotor functional system and to avoid an overstrain in components and systems of power supply of the main functional (limiting) link of sports exercise. Criteria of optimization are strengthening synergetic and reduction of antagonistic neuromuscular manifestations of the motive act, strengthening of mechanisms of a relaxation already during performance of sports exercise and increase of resolution of proprioreceptor system of an organism of the athlete.

Keywords

ВСПОМОГАТЕЛЬНЫЕ СРЕДСТВА, ЛЫЖНЫЕ ГОНКИ, ЛЕГКОАТЛЕТИЧЕСКИЙ БЕГ, ГЛАВНОЕ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ЗВЕНО, БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average