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Обзорная методология аналитической химии в экологическом мониторинге

Обзорная методология аналитической химии в экологическом мониторинге

Abstract

The urgency of the environmental monitoring and the use of ecological studies of chemical methods is motivated. The methodology of analytical chemistry in environmental monitoring of the biosphere, based on traditional methods (qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis) is presented. The advantages of volumetric analysis in comparison with gravimetric analysis and its classification by the type of chemical reaction of the underlying technique are noted. The basic physical and chemical methods to control pollutants (spectral, electrochemical and chromatographic) are described. A general classification of each group of methods and comparative characteristics determine the duration and the amount of polluter is given. The advantages of the test methods carried out in the field using portable equipment and chemosensors are explained. A general characteristic of biochemical, based on the application of biosensors, and biological methods (genetic monitoring), based on immunosensors, is presented, and their high selectivity is substantiated. Thus, an extensive methodology of modern analytical chemistry allows quickly and reliably implement environmental monitoring.

Обоснована актуальность экологического мониторинга и использования в экологических исследованиях химических методов. Представлена методология аналитической химии в экологическом мониторинге биосферы, основанная на традиционных методах (качественный и количественный химический анализ). Отмечены преимущества объемного анализа по сравнению с весовым и его классификация по типу химической реакции, лежащей в основе метода. Описаны основные физико-химические методы контроля загрязняющих веществ: спектральные, электрохимические и хроматографические. Дана общая классификация каждой группы методов и сравнительная характеристика по длительности определения и количеству определяемого загрязнителя. Показаны преимущества тест-методов, осуществляемых в полевых условиях с использованием портативной аппаратуры и хемосенсоров. Представлена общая характеристика биохимических, основанных на применении биосенсоров, и биологических методов (генетический мониторинг) на основе иммуносенсоров и обоснована их высокая селективность. Таким образом, обширная методология современной аналитической химии позволяет оперативно и достоверно осуществлять экологический мониторинг окружающей среды.

Keywords

АНАЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ ХИМИЯ, ТЕСТ-МЕТОДЫ, МОНИТОРИНГ, МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ, ЗАГРЯЗНИТЕЛИ (ЭКОТОКСИКАНТЫ, КСЕНОБИОТИКИ), ХЕМОСЕНСОРЫ, БИОСЕНСОРЫ, POLLUTANTS (ECOTOCSICANTS, XENOBIOTICS)

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold