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Этнография «Бумажных» квартирных опросов

Этнография «Бумажных» квартирных опросов

Abstract

Квартирные опросы сегодня продолжают оставаться самым востребованным инструментом сбора социологической информации, позволяющим получать сведения максимально полные и качественные. Однако качество информации, полученной в ходе личного интервью, во многом определяется качеством работы интервьюера. Это выражается в его осознанном стремлении выполнить все инструкции и не допустить недоброкачественных сведений на полевом этапе вследствие искажения формулировок вопросов, нарушения их очередности и т.д. Зачастую большое количество ошибок поля сводятся к фальсификациям интервьюеров, в свою очередь, обусловленным отсутствием предварительной подготовки и инструктажа. Авторы данной статьи предприняли попытку посмотреть, как устроен полевой этап исследования с применением технологий квартирного опроса и как организована работа интервьюеров, устроившись внештатными сотрудниками в одну из лидирующих опросных компаний. В ходе исследования обнаружено, что методическая организация работы интервьюеров (в том числе групповые инструктажи, тренинги) практически отсутствует и выражается лишь в единичных правилах, появляющихся от случая к случаю. Интервьюеры вовсе не включены в процесс работы компании и вынуждены действовать по наитию, самостоятельно ориентируясь и по собственному почину продумывая тактики оптимизации работы на просторах исследовательского поля. Отсутствие регулярного взаимодействия с коллегами и руководством побуждает интервьюеров создавать собственные практики и правила поведения, основанные на фальсификациях и фабрикациях, в чем авторы убедились на собственном опыте проведения опросов.

Household surveys are still the most popular tool for gathering sociological data, while they allow to get the most comprehensive and proper information. However, the quality of information obtained through personal interviews, is largely determined by the quality of the interviewer’s work. It is reflected in his or her conscious desire to fulfill all the instructions and avoid substandard information during a fieldwork, which appears due to questions’ distortion, violation of their priority, etc. Often a large number of field errors come down to the interviewers’ fraud caused, in turn, by lack of prior training and coaching. The authors of this article joined one of the leading polling companies as freelancers in attempt to see how the field phase of the research based on a household survey technology and the interviewers’ work are organized. The study found that the methodical organization of interviewers’ work (including group coaching and training) is practically nonexistent and is expressed only in a few rules emerging from case to case. Interviewers are not included in the process of the company functioning and are forced to act on a whim, orienting by themselves and considering work optimization tactics on their own initiative in a vast field of research. The authors see firsthand through their experience of conducting surveys that the lack of regular interaction with colleagues and the leadership encourages interviewers to create their own practices and standards of conduct based on falsification and fabrication.

Keywords

ЭТНОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ МЕТОД, ВКЛЮЧЕННОЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ, КВАРТИРНЫЙ ОПРОС, ПОЛЕВОЙ ЭТАП, ФАБРИКАЦИЯ, ФАЛЬСИФИКАЦИЯ, ЛИЧНОЕ ИНТЕРВЬЮ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold