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Нервно-мышечные нарушения при хронической алкогольной интоксикации

Нервно-мышечные нарушения при хронической алкогольной интоксикации

Abstract

Представлен обзор современной отечественной и зарубежной литературы, посвященный нервно-мышечным нарушениям при хронической алкогольной интоксикации. К наиболее частым проявлениям алкогольной болезни относятся алкогольная полиневропатия (ПНП) и алкоголь-индуцированное поражение скелетных мышц. Обсуждается клинический полиморфизм алкогольной ПНП. Рассматривается хроническая сенсорно-вегетативная форма, обусловленная прямым токсическим действием этанола и его метаболитов при длительной алкогольной интоксикации, а также остро-подострая моторно-сенсорная невропатия, основу патогенеза которой составляет дефицит витаминов группы В, преимущественно тиамина, развивающийся на фоне запоев в сочетании с нарушением питания и/или заболеваниями желудочно-кишечного тракта алкогольного генеза. В качестве патогенетического лечения невропатии, помимо отмены алкоголя и восстановления сбалансированного питания, рассматривается антиоксидантная терапия препаратами альфа-липоевой кислоты и нейротропными витаминами группы В. Наиболее часто встречающейся и при этом наименее изученной клинической формой алкоголь-индуцированного поражения скелетных мышц является хроническая алкогольная миопатия (АМ), стандартом диагностики которой является морфометрическое и иммуногистохимическое исследование мышечного биоптата. Морфологической основой данной формы миопатии является преимущественная атрофия мышечных волокон 2-го типа вследствие нарушения белкового синтеза и уменьшения регенераторного потенциала мышечного волокна. Обсуждается эффективность антиоксидантов и лейцин-содержащих аминокислотных смесей в лечении хронической АМ.

The paper reviews the present-day Russian and foreign literature on neuromuscular disorders in chronic alcohol intoxication. The most common manifestations of alcohol disease include alcoholic polyneuropathy (PNP) and alcohol-induced skeletal muscle injury. The clinical polymorphism of alcoholic PNP is discussed. The paper considers a chronic sensory automatic form due to the direct toxic effects of ethanol and its metabolites during long-term alcohol intoxication, as well as acute/subacute sensorimotor neuropathy, the basis for the pathogenesis of which is B group vitamins, predominantly thiamine, deficiency that develops in the presence of drinking bouts concurrent with malnutrition and/or alcohol-related gastrointestinal tract diseases. In addition to nonuse of alcohol and a properly balanced diet, antioxidant therapy with alpha-lipoic acid and neurotropic B group vitamins is considered to be pathogenetic therapy for neuropathy. The most common and least studied clinical form of alcohol-induced musculoskeletal injury is chronic alcoholic myopathy (AM), the diagnostic standard for which is morphometric and immunohistochemical examination of a muscle biopsy specimen. The morphological base for this form of myopathy is predominantly type 2 muscle fiber atrophy caused by impaired protein synthesis and a decreased regenerative potential of muscle fiber. The efficacy of antioxidants and leucine-containing amino acid mixtures in the treatment of chronic AM is discussed.

Keywords

ХРОНИЧЕСКАЯ АЛКОГОЛЬНАЯ ИНТОКСИКАЦИЯ, АЛКОГОЛЬНАЯ ПОЛИНЕВРОПАТИЯ, АЛКОГОЛЬ-ИНДУЦИРОВАННОЕ ПОРАЖЕНИЕ МЫШЦ, ПАТОГЕНЕЗ, ДИАГНОСТИКА, ЛЕЧЕНИЕ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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