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Действие дополнительного сопротивления дыханию на вентиляцию и газообмен в легких у больных ХОБЛ

Действие дополнительного сопротивления дыханию на вентиляцию и газообмен в легких у больных ХОБЛ

Abstract

Адаптация системы дыхания к постепенному увеличению резистивной нагрузки у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких изменяет субъективную оценку дыхательной недостаточности, что отражается на качестве своевременной диагностики и назначении адекватной терапии. Поскольку чувство дыхательного дискомфорта во многом зависит от сопротивления дыханию, были изучены изменения вентиляции и газообмена легких при действии подпороговой резистивной респираторной нагрузки (0,4 см вод. ст.·л -1·с), не вызывающей ощущение одышки. В обследовании участвовали пациенты с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких (21 человек) обоего пола, средний возраст которых составлял 59 лет. Установлено, что резистивная нагрузка (0,4 см вод. ст.·л -1·с.) значимо не влияет на параметры вентиляции. Частота дыхания, минутная вентиляция и дыхательный объем достоверно не изменились. Однако одновременно происходит значительное снижение потребления кислорода на 18% и выделения углекислого газа на 17%. Полученные результаты позволяют сделать вывод о том, что реакция на дополнительное сопротивление осуществляется на центральном уровне по принципу возмущения или прогнозирования и направлена на оптимизацию энергетических процессов в ответ на появление признаков нарушения вентиляции легких.

The adaptation of the respiratory system to the gradual increase of resistive loading in patients with a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease changes the subjective assessment of breathlessness, which influences the quality of modern diagnostics and adequate therapy. As the feeling of the respiratory discomfort depends on the resistance to the respiration, the changes in pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange under the action of subthreshold resistive respiratory load (0.4 smH 2O·L -1·s) not causing the dyspnoea were studied. The study included the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (21 people) of both sexes; the mean age was 59 years. It was revealed that the resistive load (0.4 smH 2O·L -1·s) does not significantly affect the ventilation parameters. The breathing rate, a minute ventilation and the tidal volume did not change. But at the same time there was a decrease in the oxygen consumption by 18% and carbon dioxide release by 17%. The obtained results suggest that the reaction to the increased respiratory resistance is carried out on the brain level by a principle of perturbation and forecasting and is directed to the optimization of the energy balance of an organism in the response to the disturbance of lung ventilation.

Keywords

ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОЕ СОПРОТИВЛЕНИЕ ДЫХАНИЮ, ЛЕГОЧНЫЙ ГАЗООБМЕН, ПАТТЕРН ДЫХАНИЯ, ОДЫШКА

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
bronze