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Ницше во Франции: конфликт первых интерпретаций

Ницше во Франции: конфликт первых интерпретаций

Abstract

This paper deals with the reception of Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophy in France before the birth of the postmodern “French Nietzsche”. The attitude of French intellectuals to the German thinker has never been simple. The author emphasizes that the first reviews of Nietzsche's works were very harsh: French critics accused Nietzsche of nihilism and immorality; chaotic and devastating nature of Dionysian ecstasy repelled them. Nietzsche's ideas aroused interest mainly in literary circles, while professional philosophers did not accept them. The article gives an idea of the first academic studies of Nietzsche's writings published by the founders of German studies in France, the rightwing thinker Henri Lichtenberger and the socialist Charles Andler, both of them natives of Alsace and Lorraine. The difficult destiny of Nietzsche's philosophy in France was determined by the strategy chosen by the Nietzsche Archive in Weimar and the position adopted by Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche, philosopher's sister, as well as by the two world wars. A significant contribution to the rehabilitation of Nietzsche was made by Georges Bataille (who focused on those aspects of Nietzsche's philosophy which were alien to National Socialist ideology), by postmodernists and poststructuralists, and by Giorgio Colli and Mazzino Montinari who published Nietzsche`s manuscripts. Famous colloquia at Royaumont (1964) and Cerisy (1972) are evidence of special attention paid by philosophers to Nietzsche. At the end of 1960s Nietzsche's philosophy became part of the program of higher education in France. The majority of interpretations of Nietzsche's works are mutually exclusive.

Статья посвящена восприятию философии Фридриха Ницше во Франции до появления постмодернистского «французского Ницше». Отношение к немецкому мыслителю никогда не было однозначным. Автор подчеркивает, что первые рецензии на работы Ницше были весьма резкими: французские критики обвиняли Ницше в имморализме и нигилизме, хаотичная и сокрушительная стихия дионисийского экстаза отталкивала их. Интерес ницшеанские идеи вызвали главным образом в литературных кругах, в то время как профессиональные философы не уделяли им серьезного внимания. В статье дается представление о первых академических исследованиях, посвященных творчеству немецкого мыслителя, которые принадлежат выходцам из Эльзаса и Лотарингии, основоположникам французской германистики Анри Лиштанберже, придерживавшемуся правых взглядов, и социалисту Шарлю Андлеру; отмечается, что не последнюю роль в трудной судьбе наследия Ницше во Франции сыграли политика Веймарского архива и деятельность сестры мыслителя Элизабет Фёрстер-Ницше, а также две мировые войны. Вклад в реабилитацию ницшеанства внесли Жорж Батай (акцентирующий внимание на тех сторонах философии Ницше, которые были чужды национал-социалистической идеологии), представители французского постмодернизма и постструктурализма, а также Джоржо Колли и Мадзино Монтинари, издавшие рукописное наследие Ницше. Знаменитые коллоквиумы в Руайомоне (1964) и Серизи (1972) явились свидетельством особого внимания со стороны философов к фигуре Ницше. В конце 60-х гг. XX в. Ницше становится «программным» философом. В целом, оценки, которые давались творчеству Ницше, нередко бывали взаимоисключающими.

Keywords

НИЦШЕАНСТВО,NIETZSCHEANISM,ВЕЙМАРСКИЙ АРХИВ,ARCHIVE IN WEIMAR,ЭСТЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ОПРАВДАНИЕ ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТИ,AESTHETIC JUSTIFICATION OF REALITY,ПАНГЕРМАНИЗМ,МИЛИТАРИЗМ,MILITARISM,ВОЛЯ К ВЛАСТИ,WILL TO POWER,ВЕЧНОЕ ВОЗВРАЩЕНИЕ,ETERNAL RECURRENCE,ИММОРАЛИЗМ,ДИОНИСИЙСТВО,ЖОРЖ БАТАЙ,GEORGES BATAILLE,PANGERMANISM,IMMORALITY,DIONYSIANSISM

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Average
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