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Санитарная охрана границ в истории формирования международного медико-санитарного законодательства (обзор)

Санитарная охрана границ в истории формирования международного медико-санитарного законодательства (обзор)

Abstract

The paper analyzes the activities of international organizations in the history of the formation of international medical and sanitary legislation. The methods of historical, scientific, comparative and systematic analysis are used. The first medical regulations and norms of different countries had an accurate focus on restriction of the rights of movement of the persons who have arrived from epidemic unsafe territories. Over time, quarantines were organized and sanitary councils, bureau were created, the relevant national legislative acts were developed, the first in-hospital quarantine institutions were established. The Senate of the Russian Empire approved «The quarantine rules» (it extended on the territory of Ukraine as well). In Alexandria, Constantinople, Tehran international sanitary councils were organized in the leading trade ways. In 1851 the first international sanitary conference was held, the first international sanitary convention which was in force till 1865 was signed. In 1874 the first International Commission on problems of epidemics was established. In 1907 the International Bureau of Public Hygiene which existed before the creation of WHO in 1948. The leading activity of the organization is a localization of outbreaks of the infections arising in different parts of the world. The international health regulations in which the rights, duties and procedures for ensuring national and international security not only concerning infectious diseases were introduced. For the purpose of efficient struggle against possible threats, the interchange of information with international organizations for activity coordination is provided in the document. Sanitation and epidemiologic service on water transport in Ukraine widely introduces the International medical and sanitary rules (2005), this contributing to high scientific and technical level of protection of public health and environment.

В работе проведен анализ направлений деятельности международных организаций в истории формирования международного медико-санитарного законодательства. Использованы методы исторического, научного, сравнительного и системного анализа. Первые медицинские регламенты и нормы разных стран имели четкую направленность на ограничение прав передвижения лиц, прибывших из эпидемически небезопасных территорий. Со временем, широко развертываются карантины и создаются санитарные советы, бюро, разрабатываются соответствующие национальные законодательные акты, создаются первые стационарные карантинные учреждения. Сенатом Российской империи утвержден «Карантинный устав» (распространялся и на территорию Украины). В Александрии, Константинополе, Тегеране организовывают международные санитарные советы на ведущих торговых путях. В 1851 г. созвана первая международная санитарная конференция, подписана первая международная санитарная конвенция, действующая до 1865 году. В 1874 году создана Постоянная международная комиссия по вопросам эпидемий. В 1907 г. Международное бюро общественной гигиены, просуществовавшее до создания ВОЗ в 1948 г. Ведущее направление деятельности организации локализация вспышек инфекций, возникающих в разных уголках земного шара. Создаются Международные санитарные правила, где впервые определяются права, обязанности и процедуры по обеспечению национальной и международной безопасности не только относительно инфекционных заболеваний. С целью усиления эффективности противодействия возможным угрозам в документе предусмотрен взаимообмен информацией с международными организациями для координации деятельности. Санитарно-эпидемиологической служба Украины на водном транспорте широко внедряет Международные медико-санитарные правила (2005) в отрасли, что позволяет на высоком научно-техническом уровне осуществлять защиту и охрану здоровья населения и окружающей среды.

Keywords

ВНЕДРЕНИЕ, МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ МЕДИКО-САНИТАРНЫЕ ПРАВИЛА, ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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