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Визуальные репрезентации религиозной жизни советского общества в художественном кинематографе 1920-1980-х гг. : источниковедческий анализ

Визуальные репрезентации религиозной жизни советского общества в художественном кинематографе 1920-1980-х гг. : источниковедческий анализ

Abstract

Everyday religious culture of the Soviet era has undergone substantial transformations. Religious culture was influenced by atheistic propaganda that condemned both the official Orthodox Church and everyday forms of religiosity. Religion did not disappear in these conditions, but rather acquired new forms. Its “peak times” corresponded closely to social crises (World War II, perestroika). The variations in the transformation of forms of religious behavior in the Soviet period required careful study. However, they have not yet been sufficiently addressed in the literature. This is not surprising, as few sources allow for the generalization of individual experience. Films from the 1920s-1980s provide an important, but understudied, category of such sources. They may be divided into two groups: 1) films that are frankly propagandistic in nature, “exposing” and condemning religion as a reactionary phenomenon hostile to socialist culture, and 2) films in which religion appears as a secondary, background plot. After providing a proposed periodization of films in the Soviet period, we argue that the latter are particularly useful. Specifically, films from the 1960s-1980s devoted to rural themes provide the greatest research potential.

В советский период повседневная религиозная культура подверглась существенной трансформации. Она происходила под влиянием массированной атеистической пропаганды, осуждавшей как официальную церковь, так и бытовые проявления религиозности. Религиозность не исчезла, но приобрела новые формы. Ее всплески были тесно связаны с кризисными ситуациями в обществе (Великая Отечественная война, «перестройка»). Варианты трансформации форм религиозного поведения в советский период нуждаются в тщательном изучении и пока не получили достаточного освещения в литературе, поскольку сохранилось мало источников, позволяющих обобщить индивидуальный опыт. В качестве таковых могут быть использованы художественные фильмы 1920-1980-х гг. Их условно можно подразделить на две категории: 1) фильмы пропагандистского характера, осуждавшие и разоблачавшие религию как реакционное и враждебное социалистической культуре явление; 2) фильмы, в которых факты религиозности рассматриваются в качестве второстепенного сюжета. Наибольший исследовательский потенциал по заявленной проблеме имеют фильмы 1960-1980-х гг.

Keywords

РЕЛИГИОЗНОСТЬ, ПОВСЕДНЕВНАЯ РЕЛИГИОЗНАЯ ЖИЗНЬ, ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОЕ КИНО, МЕТОДИКА ИЗУЧЕНИЯ КИНОДОКУМЕНТОВ, СОВЕТСКОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
bronze