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Социально-экономические факторы сберегательного поведения домашних хозяйств в Китае

Социально-экономические факторы сберегательного поведения домашних хозяйств в Китае

Abstract

This article considers the terms «savings» and «saving behavior». It is recommended to use the term «self-insurance» which implies creation of «safety reserves» in case of the occurrence of an unfavorable event or favorable events requiring significant expenditures. The article contains the results of the authors sociological survey examining the Harbin students (China), Russian and foreign authors surveys and statistical data. The problem of high level of savings among the Chinas population is discussed. A range of demographic and socioeconomic factors determining the saving behavior of Chinese households is studied; the issues of aging of the Chinas population, urbanization, transition from the patriarchal type to the nuclear type of a family are reviewed. Moreover, the author addresses the problems of the pension system insufficient functioning, the social welfare system inefficiency and poor development of the mortgage lending system. It is proved that under the conditions of low development of the state insurance system in China self-insurance becomes the main strategy for the future economic welfare.

В статье рассматриваются понятия «сбережения» и «сберегательное поведение», предлагается использовать понятие «самострахование», трактуемое как создание «страхового запаса» на случай наступления какого-либо неблагоприятного события, а также на случай вполне благоприятный, но требующий существенных расходов. Приводятся результаты авторского социологического опроса учащихся вузов г. Харбина (Китай), статистические данные и результаты исследований российских и зарубежных авторов. Обсуждается проблема высокого уровня сбережений населения Китая. Рассматривается ряд демографических и социально-экономических факторов, определяющих сберегательное поведение китайских домохозяйств: процесс старения населения; урбанизация; переход от патриархального типа семьи к нуклеарному; ограниченное функционирование пенсионной системы; неэффективность системы социального обеспечения; неразвитость ипотечного кредитования и др. Доказано, что в условиях неразвитости государственной системы страхования Китая нацеленность на самострахование становится доминирующим явлением экономического обеспечения населения в будущем.

Keywords

СБЕРЕГАТЕЛЬНОЕ ПОВЕДЕНИЕ, СБЕРЕЖЕНИЯ ДОМАШНИХ ХОЗЯЙСТВ, САМОСТРАХОВАНИЕ

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    popularity
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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
bronze