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Демографический кризис в Казахстане 1932-1933 гг. : уроки истории и вызовы современности

Демографический кризис в Казахстане 1932-1933 гг. : уроки истории и вызовы современности

Abstract

Статья посвящена исследованию одной из наиболее политизированных проблем истории Казахстана голода 1932-1933 гг. и связанного с ним демографического кризиса казахского этноса. В современной казахстанской историографии доминирует трактовка событий этих лет как некой целенаправленной, заранее спланированной акции центральной власти, направленной против коренного населения республики. По мнению автора, попытки этнизации проблемы представляются совершенно необоснованными и не имеют ничего общего с исторической правдой. В статье делается вывод, что голод 1932-1933 гг. и последовавший за ним демографический кризис не являлись чем-то специфичным для Казахстана, а стали следствием широкомасштабного социалистического эксперимента в сельском хозяйстве -коллективизации, осуществленной во всех регионах СССР. Наряду с аулом, серьезные демографические потери понесла также и переселенческая деревня Казахстана, о чем свидетельствует снижение численности населения некоренных этносов. Менее трагичные последствия социалистической реконструкции сельского хозяйства в переселенческой деревне объяснялись ее большей гибкостью и устойчивостью, а также более благоприятными природно-климатическими условиями, так как участки для переселенцев выделялись в районах, приспособленных для ведения зернового полеводческого хозяйства. Большие жертвы среди коренного населения были обусловлены, главным образом, объективными факторами особенностями традиционного кочевого скотоводческого хозяйства, которое оказалось наиболее уязвимым в процессе социально-экономических преобразований конца 1920-х начала 1930-х гг.

The article is devoted to the investigation of one of the most openly political issue in Kazakhstan history hunger of 1932-1933 as well as the connected with it demographic crisis of the Kazakh ethnos. In modern Kazakh historiography the dominant interpretation of the events of those days is that of the central power preplanned action against the indigenous republican population. In author’s opinion, the attempts of ethnicization of the issue are groundless and far from the historic truth. The article summarizes that hunger of 1932-1933 and the following demographic crisis were not specific only of Kazakhstan but the result of the wide scaled socialist experiment in agriculture collectivization that took place in all the regions of the USSR. Alongside with aul, the resettlement Kazkh villages had also suffered certain demographic losses, proved by the diminution in the number of some nonindigenous ethnos. Less tragical socialist agriculture reconstruction results of the resettlement village are due to its greater flexibility and stability and better climatic conditions, as immigrants were settled in best farming regions. Great human losses among the indigenous population were mainly caused by objective factors -peculiarities of the traditional nomadic cattle breeding that turned to be much more vulnerable in the process of socio-cultural changes in the end of the 1920s the beginning of the 1930s.

Keywords

ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ КРИЗИС, ПОЛИТИКА ОСЕДАНИЯ, ТИТУЛЬНАЯ НАЦИЯ, ФОРСИРОВАННАЯ КОЛЛЕКТИВИЗАЦИЯ, ЭКСТЕНСИВНОЕ СКОТОВОДСТВО

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold