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Анемии и дефицит железа у онкологических больных

Анемии и дефицит железа у онкологических больных

Abstract

Многочисленные исследования последних лет показали, что анемии бывают частым осложнением онкологических заболеваний, особенно при проведении химиотерапии. Снижение содержания гемоглобина в крови сопровождается слабостью, уменьшением толерантности к физической и умственной нагрузкам с закономерным ухудшением качества жизни. Кроме того, анемия связана с ухудшением показателей выживаемости онкологических больных. Анемия на фоне онкологических заболеваний помимо прочих механизмов может быть обусловлена продукцией провоспалительных цитокинов, обладающих негативным влиянием на различные этапы продукции эритроцитов в костном мозге, длительность их жизни и обмен железа. Применение эритропоэтинов у онкологических больных с анемией вызывает повышение уровня гемоглобина и сокращение потребности в заместительных гемотрансфузиях, однако повышает риск тромбозов. Увеличение продукции провоспалительных цитокинов у онкологических пациентов снижает доступность железа для эффективного эритропоэза. В настоящем обзоре обобщены клинические последствия дефицита железа и анемии у онкологических больных, обсуждаются механизмы нарушения гомеостаза железа, а также диагностика этого состояния и его лечение. Представлены данные клинических исследований, в которых оценивается эффективность различных препаратов железа с или без сопутствующей терапии эритропоэтинами.

Multiple recent studies showed that anemia is a common complication of malignant tumors, especially during chemotherapy. Reduced hemoglobin blood levels are manifested as weakness and decreased tolerance for physical and mental activities with resulting deterioration in quality of life. In addition, anemia is associated with decreased survival of cancer patients. Cancer-related anemia can be caused by, among others, secretion of cytokines which affect various stages of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, the life-span of red blood cells, and iron metabolism. Administration of erythropoietins for anemia in cancer patients results in improved Hb levels and the reduced need for transfusions, but it increases the risk of thrombosis. Enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in cancer patients reduces bioavailability of iron required for effective erythropoiesis. This review summarizes clinical consequences of iron deficiency and anemia in cancer patients and includes discussion of the mechanisms of impaired iron metabolism, its diagnosis, and management. The data from clinical studies evaluating efficacy of various iron supplementations alone or combined with erythropoietins are presented.

Keywords

АНЕМИЯ, РАК, ЭРИТРОПОЭТИНЫ, ПРЕПАРАТЫ ЖЕЛЕЗА, ЖЕЛЕЗА КАРБОКСИМАЛЬТОЗАТ, ФЕРРИТИН, ТРАНСФЕРРИН

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold
Related to Research communities
Cancer Research