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Реабилитация в кардиологии и кардиохиругии

Реабилитация в кардиологии и кардиохиругии

Abstract

At the present time effectiveness of rehabilitation programs after heart surgery, myocardial infarction, and in some cases for coronary artery disease (CAD) is undeniable. According to the researches, physical exercises, which underlie cardio rehabilitation of patients with CAD, reduce cardiac mortality. In the review accumulated scientific data about modern approaches to cardio rehabilitation is discussed: goals, indications, contraindications, its organization, advantages. Controlled training in patients with CAD, making a complex program of cardio rehabilitation, kinds of control during cardio training are described in details. In this review the second phase of physical rehabilitation after cardiac surgery a stationary phase, protocols of which are subjective and often contested, is considered. More frequently physical rehabilitation after coronary artery bypass surgery is doing breathing exercises, as there is data that physical exercises, in which tangential force vector in or around the sternum appears, should be avoided for at least 3 months after surgery. On the other hand, avoiding of heaving during the first weeks after surgery leads to more pronounced atrophy of the chest muscles. But there is data, according to which, early beginning of an adapted program of cardio rehabilitation (1-2 weeks after surgery) is safely, it accelerates recovery and does not increase problems with the sternum. In this review the following idea is suggested: in order to follow the stages of rehabilitation after cardiac surgery it is necessary to start it on the stationary stage, and control of load rehabilitation programs must be carried out using hemodynamic changes during exercises, energy, SF-36 questionnaire.

На сегодняшний день неоспорима эффективность реабилитационных программ после операций на сердце, инфаркта миокарда и в ряде случаев при ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС). Исследования показали, что физические тренировки, которые лежат в основе кардиореабилитации больных ИБС, снижают смертность от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. В обзоре обсуждаются накопленные научные данные о современных подходах к проведению кардиореабилитации: цели, показания, противопоказания, ее организация, достоинства. Подробно описываются контролируемые тренировки больных ИБС, составление комплексной программы кардиореабилитации, виды контроля при кардиотренировках. Рассматривается 2-й (стационарный) этап физической реабилитации после кардиохирургических вмешательств, протоколы которого остаются субъективными и часто оспариваются. Обычно физическая реабилитация после аортокоронарного шунтирования заключается в выполнении дыхательных упражнений, так как имеются мнения о том, что в течение по крайней мере 3 мес после операции следует избегать физических упражнений, при которых создается касательный вектор силы в грудине или вокруг нее. Но если избегать подъема тяжестей в первые недели после операции, то это приводит к более выраженной атрофии мышц грудной клетки. Существуют данные о том, что раннее (1-2 нед после операции) начало адаптированной программы кардиореабилитации безопасно и ускоряет восстановление, не увеличивая проблем с грудиной. Мы считаем, что реабилитацию после кардиохирургических операций необходимо начинать на стационарном этапе, а контроль нагрузочных реабилитационных программ следует проводить, используя изменения гемодинамики во время нагрузки, расчитывая энергозатраты, применяя опросник SF-36.

Keywords

ИШЕМИЧЕСКАЯ БОЛЕЗНЬ СЕРДЦА,АОРТОКОРОНАРНОЕ ШУНТИРОВАНИЕ,КОРОНАРНАЯ АНГИОПЛАСТИКА,КАРДИОРЕАБИЛИТАЦИЯ,КОНТРОЛИРУЕМАЯ ФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ ТРЕНИРОВКА,СТАЦИОНАРНЫЙ ЭТАП ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ,НАГРУЗОЧНАЯ ПРОБА,ТРЕНИРОВОЧНАЯ ЧАСТОТА СЕРДЕЧНЫХ СОКРАЩЕНИЙ,СИЛОВАЯ НАГРУЗКА,КАРДИОПУЛЬМОНАЛЬНОЕ ТЕСТИРОВАНИЕ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold