Topicality. In modern dentistry, temporomandibular disorders stand in the third part in frequency among dental diseases after caries and its complications and periodontal pathology. Despite the considerable amount of research devoted to the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders, there is still no common strategy among researchers. Different researchers include the following etiological factors of temporomandibular disorders: injuries of different parts of head and neck, tooth extraction, wide mouth opening, long stay in the dentist’s chair with opened mouth, the orthopedist’s mistakes, changes in occlusal relationships, mistakes in orthodontic treatment, bruxism, somatic pathology, infectious diseases, rheumatism etc. Much attention has been paid to neuromuscular disorders, which may be based on psychogenic pathology (e.g, exposure to chronic emotional stress), endocrine, somatic or other pathology. Complex clinical examination of patients with right choice of additional investigation methods allows to competently diagnose the temporomandibular disorders and to assign an adequate treatment plan. The aim of the study is to identify the underlying diseases in patients with temporomandibular disorders and determine the frequency of these diseases. Materials and methods. The examination of 235 patients, 53 men (22.6%), 182 women (77.4%) was performed. All the patients were suspected with the temporomandibular disorders, a significant number of them suffered from comorbidities and diseases in the past. Results. Among the variety of diseases that can accompany or precede the development of temporomandibular disorders, we identified the most frequently occurring ones: infectious diseases, head and neck injuries, frequent sore throats, orthodontic treatment, rheumatism, osteochondrosis of cervical and thoracic spine, bruxism. Calculation and analysis revealed that 69 patients (29.4 %) displayed dependence of the emergence and development of temporomandibular disorders on certain factors. The number of women with temporomandibular disorders prevailed over the men by 3.9 times. 212 patients (90.2%) suffered from the variety of diseases in the past, sometimes these diseases accompanied the temporomandibular disorders. The infectious diseases display the highest values of frequency: 9 men (4.2%) and 37 women (17.5%), with a predominance of females in 4.2 times. Thus, we can assume that disorders of temporomandibular joints can be triggered by certain diseases, however, we cannot exclude the appearance of isolated disturbances in the joints. Conclusions. These results indicate that the approach of the examination of the patient with suspected temporomandibular disorder should be comprehensive, complete with a wide collection of anamnesis, the use of additional methods of diagnosis and consultation of other specialists in medicine.

Представлены исследования, направленные на выявление перенесенных и сопутствующих заболеваний у пациентов с диагностированными височно-нижнечелюстными расстройствами (ВНЧР) и определение их частоты. На основании результатов обследования 235 пациентов с подозрением на ВНЧР обнаружено большое количество сопутствующей патологии и перенесенных болезней. После проведенных вычислений и их анализа выявлено, что 69 (29,4 %) пациентов имели зависимость появления и развития ВНЧР от определенных факторов. Количество женщин со спровоцированными ВНЧР в 3,9 раза превышало количество мужчин. У 212 (90,2 %) пациентов выявлены различные болезни, которые были перенесены в прошлом или сопровождали ВНЧР. Таким образом, можно предположить, что нарушения со стороны височнонижнечелюстных суставов могли быть спровоцированы определенными болезнями, однако нельзя исключать появление изолированных нарушений в суставах. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют, что подход к обследованию должен быть комплексным, с широким полноценным сбором анамнеза, применением дополнительных методов диагностики и консультациями врачей других специальностей.