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Особенности течения СГБ в России: анализ 186 случаев

Особенности течения СГБ в России: анализ 186 случаев

Abstract

The medical records of 186 patients diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) who had been followed up at the Research Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, in 2000 to 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Most (65 %) of the patients had severe GBS; 19 % of the patients were on mechanical ventilation (MV) for an average of 21 (13; 48) days. The forms of GBS, such as acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) (n = 141; 78 %), and axonal variants, such as acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), acute sensorimotor axonal neuropathy (AMSAN), i. e. AMAN/AMSAN (n = 39; 22 %), were studied separately. There was a significant difference in the seasonal prevalence (p < 0.05). AIDP was encountered evenly throughout the year; AMAN/AMSAN occurred in 46 % of cases in summer. AIDP was followed by acute respiratory viral infection in 35 % of cases; diarrhea was by the axonal forms in 36 % (p < 0.05). The axonal forms ran a severer course than AIDP: MV was performed twice more frequently (33 and 15 %, respectively); its duration was 6-fold longer: 90 (46; 102) and 15 (10; 21) days (p < 0.05). AMAN/AMSAN was characterized by a severer neurological status and disability in the acute period, as shown by the NIS, MRCss, INCAT, R-ODS, and Barthel scales; these patients showed a poorer response to pathogenetic therapy (p < 0.05): 59 % with an insufficient effect; 15 % of those with AIDP. After six years, the majority (84 %) of the patients with AIDP walked alone and only 16 % were assisted. In the same period, less than half of the patients (40 %) with AMAN/AMSAN walked alone and a third (29 %) could move with assistance and almost the same percentage (31 %) could not walk. Thus, a number of specific features of GBS were found in a Russian population (equal age and sex distribution; a larger percentage of the axonal forms than in European countries and the United States); however, the most characteristics did not differ from the global data.

Проведен ретроспективный анализ медицинской документации 186 пациентов с установленным диагнозом синдрома Гийена Барре (СГБ), наблюдавшихся в ФГБУ «Научный центр неврологии» РАМН в период с 2000 по 2011 г. У большинства пациентов (65 %) наблюдалось тяжелое течение СГБ, искусственная вентиляция легких (ИВЛ) проводилась 19 % больным продолжительностью в среднем 21 (13; 48) день. Были отдельно изучены формы СГБ: острая воспалительная демиелинизирующая полинейропатия (ОВДП) (n = 141; 78 %) и аксональные острая моторная аксональная невропатия (ОМАН), острая моторно-сенсорная аксональная невропатия (ОМСАН), т. е. ОМАН/ОМСАН (n = 39; 22 %). Выявлена существенная разница в сезонности (р < 0,05): ОВДП встречалась равномерно в течение всего года, ОМАН/ОМСАН в 46 % случаев возникали летом. В 35 % случаев ОВДП предшествовала острая респираторная вирусная инфекция, аксональным формам диарея (36 %) (p < 0,05). Последние протекали достоверно тяжелее ОВДП: ИВЛ проводилась в 2 раза чаще (33 и 15 % соответственно), ее продолжительность была в 6 раз больше: 90 (46; 102) и 15 (10; 21) сут (p < 0,05). При ОМАН/ОМСАН достоверно тяжелее неврологический статус и инвалидизация в остром периоде по шкалам NIS, MRCss, INCAT, R-ODS и Бартела, эти пациенты хуже отвечают на патогенетическую терапию (р < 0,05): 59 % с недостаточным эффектом, по сравнению с 15 % при ОВДП. Через полгода большинство пациентов с ОВДП (84 %) ходили самостоятельно и только 16 % передвигались с поддержкой. При ОМАН/ОМСАН в эти же сроки менее половины пациентов ходили самостоятельно (40 %), треть могли передвигаться с поддержкой (29 %) и почти столько же (31 %) оставались обездвижены. Таким образом, выявлен ряд особенностей СГБ в российской популяции (распределение пациентов по возрасту и полу одинаковое, бо́льшая доля аксональных форм по сравнению со странами Европы и Америки), однако большинство характеристик не отличаются от мировых данных.

Keywords

СИНДРОМ ГИЙЕНА-БАРРЕ, GUILLAIN-BARRé SYNDROME, ОСТРАЯ ВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНАЯ ДЕМИЕЛИНИЗИРУЮЩАЯ ПОЛИНЕЙРОПАТИЯ, ОСТРАЯ МОТОРНАЯ АКСОНАЛЬНАЯ НЕВРОПАТИЯ, ОСТРАЯ МОТОРНО-СЕНСОРНАЯ АКСОНАЛЬНАЯ НЕВРОПАТИЯ, АКСОНАЛЬНАЯ НЕВРОПАТИЯ, ТРИГГЕР, ПРОВОЦИРУЮЩИЙ ФАКТОР, ТЯЖЕСТЬ, ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ТЕРАПИИ, ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЕ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold