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Перформативы как средство выражения интенций адресанта в документных текстах (на примере писем-ответов)

Перформативы как средство выражения интенций адресанта в документных текстах (на примере писем-ответов)

Abstract

В статье перформатив рассматривается как один из основных индикаторов в определении жанровой и поджанровой разновидности делового текста. На примере писем-ответов, отобранных методом сплошной выборки из документов организаций и бюджетных учреждений Калининградской области, в их поджанровых разновидностях (письма-отказы, письма-согласия, письма-подтверждения) выявлены особенности функционирования перформативов как важного структурно-содержательного компонента документного текста. Осуществлен сравнительный анализ поджанров писем-ответов, в каждом из которых выделяются приоритетные перформативы, выражающие основную интенцию адресанта. Отмечено, что наряду с употреблением приоритетных перформативов автор использует во вводной или заключительной части письма второстепенные перформативы, которые выражают дополнительные интенции адресанта. Проведен количественный анализ функционирования перформативов в письмах-ответах каждого из поджанров, и на основании полученных результатов определены наиболее часто встречающиеся перформативные высказывания. Выявлены разновидности перформативных высказываний, характерных для писем-ответов, эксплицитные и имплицитные и установлены их прагматические особенности в анализируемых поджанрах писем-ответов. Показано, что в письмах-отказах автор сообщения зачастую прибегает к использованию имплицитных перформативов для смягчения негативного перлокутивного эффекта, появляющегося в результате отрицательного ответа.

The article reviews the performative as one of the main indicators in determining the genre and subgenre variety of the document text. The article deals with the features of performatives functioning as a significant structure-content component of the document text. The research is based on the response letters selected by continuous sampling method in the institutions and budgetary organizations. The comparative analysis of the subgenres among business response letters has been carried out. The priority performatives which express the addresser’s basic intention, are separated in each subgenre of the response letters. Along with the priority performatives, the author of business letters can use secondary performatives which provide or finish an addresser’s main aim. Furthermore, the quantitative research of the performatives functioning has been fulfilled, and the results have been achieved which demonstrated the most common performatives in the concrete subgenre of response letter. It considers the varieties of performative utterances (explicit and implicit), which are indicative for response letters, and the author has discovered the pragmatic features of performatives in the analyzed subgenres of the response letters. As a result, it is revealed that the author of a waiver letter frequently uses implicit performatives to mitigate the negative perlocutionary effect caused by the semantics of the negative reply.

Keywords

ПЕРФОРМАТИВ,ПЕРФОРМАТИВНЫЕ ВЫСКАЗЫВАНИЯ,ПЕРФОРМАТИВНЫЙ ГЛАГОЛ,ПИСЬМА-ОТВЕТЫ,ИНТЕНЦИЯ,ПИСЬМА-СОГЛАСИЯ,ПИСЬМА-ОТКАЗЫ,ПИСЬМА-ПОДТВЕРЖДЕНИЯ,PERFORMATIVE,PERFORMATIVE UTTERANCES,PERFORMATIVE VERB,RESPONSE LETTERS,INTENTION,LETTERS OF CONSENT,WAIVER LETTERS,CONFIRMATION LETTERS

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    popularity
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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold