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ПРОБЛЕМЫ БАННОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА Г. ТОМСКА В НАЧАЛЕ XX ВЕКА: САНИТАРНО-ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

ПРОБЛЕМЫ БАННОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА Г. ТОМСКА В НАЧАЛЕ XX ВЕКА: САНИТАРНО-ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

Abstract

Рассматриваются проблемы развития одного из неотъемлемых объектов городской среды г. Томска начала XX в. – банного хозяйства. Данная тема еще не становилась предметом специального научного изучения. Баня как элемент городской инфраструктуры являлась популярным общественным заведением, где человек мог выполнить не только гигиенические процедуры, но и отдохнуть, провести свободное время, пообщаться с другими людьми. Анализируется существующее центральное и местное законодательство, касающееся устройства и содержания городских бань, правил их функционирования в соответствии с существующими санитарными требованиями, описывается реальное санитарно-гигиеническое состояние томских бань и его причины. Дается характеристика общих, номерных и семейных бань, их сходств и различий в количестве и качестве предоставляемых услуг. Делается вывод о недостаточном количестве бань для удовлетворения элементарных потребностей жителей города в поддержании личной гигиены. Показывается роль городских санитарных комиссий в осуществлении санитарного контроля за функционированием банных заведений, поддержании чистоты и проведении дезинфекции в них. Акцентируется внимание на таких проблемах банного хозяйства Томска, как отсутствие канализации, водопровода (до 1905–1908 гг.), плохое устройство вентиляции, клозетов и ям для слива воды, нерегулярная дезинфекция помещений, наличие паразитов (вшей, червей) и высокая доля вероятности заразиться инфекционными, кожными, венерическими и другими заболеваниями.

The article discusses the problems of the development of one of the essential objects of the urban environment of Tomsk at the beginning of the 20th century bathhouse facilities. This topic has not been the subject of special scientific research yet. Bath as an urban infrastructure element was a popular public institution where people could perform not only hygiene, but also relax, spend free time, communicate with other people. Analyses the existing сentral and local legislation regarding the construction and maintenance of the municipal baths, rules of their functioning in accordance with sanitary requirements, describes the real sanitary condition of the Tomsk baths and its causes. Provides the characteristics of public, room and family baths, their similarities and differences in the quantity and quality of services provided. It is concluded that there is insufficient number of baths to meet the basic needs of residents in maintaining personal hygiene. Shows the role of the urban sanitary commissions in the implementation of sanitary monitoring of bathing establishments, maintenance of cleanliness and disinfection in them. Attention is focused on such problems of Tomsk bath economy, as lacking of sewerage, water supply (up to 1905-1908), poor ventilation device, closets and pits for water drainage, irregular disinfection, presence of parasites (lice, worms) and high probability of contracting infectious, skin, venereal and other diseases.

Keywords

ТОМСК,БАННОЕ ХОЗЯЙСТВО,САНИТАРНО-ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ,ТОРГОВЫЕ (ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫЕ) БАНИ,НОМЕРНЫЕ БАНИ,ГОРОДСКАЯ СРЕДА,TOMSK,BATH ECONOMY,COMMERCIAL (PUBLIC) BATHS,BATHHOUSE LICENSE,CITY ENVIRONMENT,SANITARY AND HYGIENIC CONDITION

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    influence
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold