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Сравнительно-правовой анализ влияния мажоритарной и пропорциональной избирательных систем на общественное развитие: уроки истории (первая половина XX века)

Сравнительно-правовой анализ влияния мажоритарной и пропорциональной избирательных систем на общественное развитие: уроки истории (первая половина XX века)

Abstract

В статье на основании сравнительно-правового и исторического методов исследования проводится анализ избирательного законодательства Веймарской Германии и других государств Европы первой половины XX века. Исторический опыт доказывает, что закрепляя мажоритарную избирательную систему, законодатель тем самым создаёт существенные предпосылки для установления в государстве стабильности и управляемости. При этом несколько ограничивается демократический принцип представительства, предусматривающий участие всех слоёв общества в управлении государством. В ряде государств, где была введена избирательная система, основанная на пропорциональном представительстве, в условиях экономической и политической нестабильности выборы сыграли роковую роль в развитии демократии. Общественно-политический характер избирательного права и проводимых на его основе выборов нельзя определить только процедурой избрания и наличием нормативно установленных избирательных прав, основополагающим является вид государственного политического режима государства. Исследование выполнено в рамках проведения поисковой научно-исследовательской работы по реализации ФЦП «Научные и научно-педагогические кадры инновационной России» на 2009–2013 годы, государственный контракт от 09.06.2010 № П1291.

In the article an attempt is made to analyse the the suffrage legislation of Weimar Germany and other European states in the first half of the XX century. This analysis is made on the basis of the comparative and historical methods. The historical experience shows that imposing the majority electoral system is an important prerequisite for stability and controllability in the state. In this case the democratic principle of representation is somewhat restricted as this principle provides for all the society’s strata participation in the government bodies. In some states where the proportional electoral system was adopted elections proved baneful for democracy in conditions of economic and political instability. Social and political character of suffrage and elections based on it cannot be determined only by the procedure of elections and the elective rights stated in the legislation. It is political regime that is crucial. Research is performed within carrying out search research work FCP «Scientific and scientific and pedagogical shots of innovative Russia» 2009–2013, state contract from 09.06.2010 No. P1291.

Keywords

ПРОПОРЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ИЗБИРАТЕЛЬНАЯ СИСТЕМА, МАЖОРИТАРНАЯ ИЗБИРАТЕЛЬНАЯ СИСТЕМА, ВЫБОРЫ, ВЕЙМАРСКАЯ ГЕРМАНИЯ, ЕВРОПА, ДЕМОКРАТИЯ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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