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Актуальные вопросы диагностики и лечения острой тромбоэмболии легочной артерии

Актуальные вопросы диагностики и лечения острой тромбоэмболии легочной артерии

Abstract

Цель исследования обобщить опыт и выявить особенности диагностики и лечения острой тромбоэмболии легочной артерии (ТЭЛА). Материал и методы. Ретроспективному анализу подвергнуты истории болезни 92 больных с острой ТЭЛА, поступивших в МКДЦ с 2008 по 2014 годы. Возраст больных колебался от 22 до 87 лет. Диагностический алгоритм включал МСКТ, ЭхоКГ, УЗДГ вен. Тромболитическая терапия проведена 34 больным (с высоким риском смерти) ТЭЛА. При низком риске 21 больному назначено консервативное лечение. Оперативное вмешательство выполнено у 37 больных с массивной ТЭЛА. Операции проводились в условиях искусственного кровообращения (ИК). Результаты. После тромболитической терапии улучшение наступило 29 больных, не было эффекта у 3-х, 2-е онкобольных умерли от кровотечения и полиорганной недостаточности. Хирургическая тромбоэмболэктомия выполнена всем больным, В послеоперационном периоде у 7 больных потребовалась пролонгированная вентиляция легких (4-7 суток). Летальный исход наблюдался у 3-х больных (8.1%). Перед выпиской систолическое давление в ЛА снизилось с 65±18 мм рт. ст. до 34,6±12 мм рт. ст. Наблюдение в течение 2-6 лет за оперированными пациентами показало отсутствие признаков ЛГ (76%) или снижение давления в ЛА до субнормальных цифр (22,9%). Рецидив ТЭЛА наблюдался у 3-х больных. Выводы. Тромболитическая терапия является методом выбора при острой ТЭЛА. При противопоказаниях к последней или ее безуспешности показано хирургическое лечение в условиях искусственного кровообращения, которое сопровождается удовлетворительными ближайшими и отдаленными результатами.

Aim of the study assessment of single center experience of diagnosis and treatment of acute pulmonary embolism. Methods. 92 patients with acute pulmonary embolism treated from 2008 till 2014 were retrospectively included in the study. Age of the patients distributed from 22 to 87 years. Diagnostic algorithm included computed tomography, echocardiography and ultrasound venous scanning. Thrombolytic therapy was conducted in 34 patients with high risk pulmonary embolism. 21 patients with low or intermediate risk were treated medically. 37 patients underwent surgical embolectomy. All procedures were done with cardiopulmonary bypass. Results. Effective thrombolytic therapy were observes in 29 cases, 3 cases were ineffective, 2 patients with end stage cancer and multiorgan failure died. In the group of surgical treatment mortality was 8.1% (3). 7 patients required prolongated ventilation time (4-7 days). Pulmonary artery pressure decreased significantly from 65±18 to 34,6±12 mm hg in all survivors. Long term follow up revealed normal (76%) or subnormal (23%) pulmonary artery pressure. Recurrent pulmonary embolism was observed in 3 cases. Conclusions. Thrombolytic therapy is the method of choice in acute pulmonary embolism. Surgical treatment is indicated when thrombolytic therapy is ineffective or contraindicated. Surgical embolectomy with cardiopulmonary bypass has satisfactory mid-term and long term results.

Keywords

ОСТРАЯ ТРОМБОЭМБОЛИЯ ЛЕГОЧНОЙ АРТЕРИИ,ACUTE PULMONARY EMBOLISM,ТРОМБОЛИЗИС,ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОЕ ЛЕЧЕНИЕ,SURGICAL TREATMENT,THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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