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Цирк царевича Алексея Михайловича

Цирк царевича Алексея Михайловича

Abstract

The article focuses on the «German potekhi» (entertaiments), played in the Muscovite court during the 1630s. These entertainments resembled circus performances. They were based on rope acrobatics. The principal changes leading to a new phenomenon in the Russian court culture appeared in the turn of 1634 and 1635. From this time a small acrobatic troupe began to develop, the backbone was formed with two German artist and five of their Russian pupils. The development of the «German entertaiments» was connected with the youth of Tsarevich Aleksei Mikhailovich. First he looked at poteshniki (entertainers), then apprenticed three of his nakry players to the foreign artists, dressed them together with himself, his younger brother and the stolniks in the German comic costume. This period ended because of the tragic events in the life of the royal family in 1639: in January died Tsarevich Ivan, five years old, and in March died newborn Tsarevich Vasilii. To this the Empress’s health deteriorated. At the end of mourning the «German entertaiments» were not renewed. The author concludes in pointing out the similarity of «German entertaiments» from 1630s with the performances that were played at the court of Tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich in early 1672: no German actors on stage were professionals; the people close to Aleksei Mikhailovich played a significant role in the organization of the performances; the shows were based on the plastic actions that were understood without the help of an interpreter; the Tsar and his sons was shown for the audience. These performances have become an important preparatory step to the production of the first theatrical performance The Play of Artaxerxes (Ahasuerus; Artakserksovo deistvo).

Статья посвящена «немецким» потехам, разыгрывавшимся при московском дворе в 1630-х гг. Эти действа напоминали цирковые представления. Их основу составляли исполняемые на канате акробатические номера. Принципиальные изменения, приведшие к возникновению в придворной культуре нового для России явления, произошли на рубеже 1634 и 1635 гг. В это время начала складываться небольшая акробатическая труппа, костяк которой составляли два немецких артиста и пятеро их русских учеников. Развитие «немецких» потех связано со взрослением царевича Алексея Михайловича. Сначала он смотрел на потешников, потом отдал в ученье иностранным артистам трех своих накрачеев, одев их в немецкое платье, а потом и сам, вместе со стольниками и младшим братом, облачился в немецкий потешный костюм. Прекращение представлений было связано с трагическими событиями в жизни царской семьи: в январе 1639 г. умер пятилетний царевич Иван, а в марте 1639 г. умер новорожденный царевич Василий, кроме того, резко ухудшилось здоровье государыни. По окончании траура «немецкие» потехи не возобновили. Автор приходит к выводу о сходстве «немецких» потех 1630-х гг. с представлениями, которые разыгрывались при дворе царя Алексея Михайловича в начале 1672 г.: среди немецких актеров на сцене не было профессионалов; значительную роль в организации спектаклей играли ближние люди Алексея Михайловича; представления основывались на пластических действах, которые были понятны без помощи переводчика; зрителями являлись царь и его сыновья. Эти спектакли стали важным подготовительным шагом к постановке первого настоящего театрального спектакля «Артаксерксова действа».

Keywords

ИСТОРИЯ РУССКОГО ТЕАТРА,ПРИДВОРНАЯ КУЛЬТУРА XVII В,ЦАРЬ МИХАИЛ ФЕДОРОВИЧ,ЦАРЬ АЛЕКСЕЙ МИХАЙЛОВИЧ,ПОТЕШНИК ИВАН ЕРМИС,HISTORY OF RUSSIAN THEATER,THE COURT CULTURE OF THE 17TH CENTURY,TSAR MIKHAIL FEDOROVICH,TSAR ALEXEI MIKHAILOVICH,ENTERTAINER (POTESHNIK) IVAN ERMIS

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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