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Обыденное знание социальных структур: документальный метод интерпретации в профессиональном и непрофессиональном поиске фактов

Обыденное знание социальных структур: документальный метод интерпретации в профессиональном и непрофессиональном поиске фактов

Abstract

В данной статье, составляющей третью главу книги «Исследования по этнометодологии», Гарольд Гарфинкель анализирует повседневную социальную процедуру, которую он называет, вслед за К. Мангеймом, «документальным методом интерпретации». Данный метод заключается в рассмотрении актуальных проявлений каких-либо событий в качестве «документа», «указывающего на» или «выступающего от имени» паттерна, лежащего в основании этих событий. При этом не только лежащий в основании паттерн выводится из своих индивидуальных документальных свидетельств, но и индивидуальные документальные свидетельства, в свою очередь, интерпретируются, исходя из «того, что известно» о лежащем в основании паттерне. В качестве иллюстрации в статье рассматривается эксперимент, предполагавший создание условий, при которых испытуемый находил смысл и паттерн за последовательностью полностью случайных реплик собеседника. Как показывает Гарфинкель, документальный метод интерпретации равно используется как в обыденной жизни, так и в профессиональных социологических исследованиях для производства «фактов», касающихся социальных структур. Члены общества, включая профессиональных социологов, используют и рассматривают подобные описания общества в качестве известных сообща с другими членами и вместе с другими членами считают их само собой разумеющимися.

In this article, which comprises the third chapter of Studies in Ethnomethodology, Harold Garfinkel analyzes everyday social procedure that he calls, following Karl Mannheim, “a documentary method of interpretation”. The method consists of treating an actual appearances of the events as “the document of”, “pointing to” or “standing on behalf of” a presupposed underlying pattern of these events. Not only is the underlying pattern derived from its individual documentary evidences, but the individual documentary evidences, in their turn, are interpreted on the basis of “what is known” about the underlying pattern. To illustrate the main idea, the article discusses an experiment that involved the creation of situation in which subjects sought for a meaning and pattern underlying the sequence of fully random utterances of the interlocutor. As Garfinkel shows, documentary method of interpretation is used both in everyday life and in professional sociological research for the production of the “facts” concerning social structures. Members of society, professional sociologists included, use and treat such descriptions of a society as known in common with other members, and with other members take them for granted.

Keywords

ГАРОЛЬД ГАРФИНКЕЛЬ, ЭТНОМЕТОДОЛОГИЯ, ДОКУМЕНТАЛЬНЫЙ МЕТОД ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ, СОЦИОЛОГИЯ ПОВСЕДНЕВНОСТИ, ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНАЯ СОЦИОЛОГИЯ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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