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К проблеме тирании и тираноборчества в средневековом политическом дискурсе

К проблеме тирании и тираноборчества в средневековом политическом дискурсе

Abstract

This article analyzes the views of the most prominent representatives of the medieval political thought Augustine, John of Salisbury and Thomas Aquinas on the problem of tyrannical power and the possibility of resistance to tyranny. Catholicism has a great intellectual experience of reflection in the European religious-political discourse. This experience can be relevant to modern political theory. In recognition of negative aspects of tyranny, medieval scholastics nominate two principal ideas: the enduring tyranny and tyrannicide, which constitute a serious moral dilemma. Medieval social and political reality did not allow to follow the instructions of the Gospel and of the Church Fathers. Intellectuals led to the interpretation of tyranny as the rule that is contrary to the divine and natural law, and therefore requires a fair punishment. The Church through its apologists has positioned itself as the center of struggle against tyranny, considering it possible to intervene in the affairs of the state. The central place in the definition of tyrannical rule becomes sovereign assault on the freedom of the Church. The main result of the medieval disputes is a fundamental and principal tradition of Western European search of legal protection against tyranny. This tradition demanded that all political power was based on not only precedent or strength, but also would have a rational justification. Refs 32.

В статье анализируются взгляды виднейших представителей средневековой политической мысли Аврелия Августина, Иоанна Солсберийского и Фомы Аквинского на проблему тиранической власти и возможности сопротивления тирании. Католицизм имеет огромный интеллектуальный опыт рефлексии данного феномена в рамках европейского религиозно-политического дискурса. Данный опыт может быть востребован современной политической теорией. Признавая все однозначно отрицательные качества тирании, средневековые схоласты выдвигают две ключевые идеи: претерпевания тирании и тираноубийства, составляющие своеобразную моральную дилемму. Средневековые социально-политические реалии не позволяли следовать наставлениям Евангелия и Отцов Церкви буквально, приводя интеллектуалов к трактовке тирании как правления, отклонившегося от божественного и естественного законов, а потому требующего справедливого наказания. Церковь через своих апологетов позиционировала себя центром борьбы с тиранией, считая возможным вмешиваться в дела государства. Центральным местом в определении тиранического правления становятся посягательства государя на свободу Церкви. Инициаторы средневековых споров заложили фундаментальную и жизненно важную западноевропейскую традицию поиска правовой защиты от тирании. Эта традиция требовала, чтобы любая политическая власть не только опиралась на прецедент или силу, но и имела бы рациональное оправдание. Библиогр. 32 назв.

Keywords

СРЕДНЕВЕКОВАЯ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕОРИЯ,MEDIEVAL POLITICAL THEORY,ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ АРГУМЕНТАЦИЯ,POLITICAL ARGUMENTATION,ТИРАНИЯ,TYRANNY,ТИРАНОБОРЧЕСТВО,СОПРОТИВЛЕНИЕ ТИРАНИИ,RESISTANCE OF TYRANNY,КАТОЛИЦИЗМ,CATHOLICISM,СРЕДНЕВЕКОВАЯ ЦЕРКОВЬ,MEDIEVAL CHURCH,АВГУСТИН,AUGUSTINE,ИОАНН СОЛСБЕРИЙСКИЙ,JOHN OF SALISBURY,ФОМА АКВИНСКИЙ,THOMAS AQUINAS,TYRANNICIDE

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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