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Классификации угроз природного характера как предмет гражданской защиты населения

Классификации угроз природного характера как предмет гражданской защиты населения

Abstract

Опасности природного характера остаются одними из основных угроз нормальной жизнедеятельности людей. Так, согласно статистическим данным, для России характерны землетрясения, оползни и сели, наводнения, опасные атмосферные процессы (ураганы, циклоны, град, смерчи, сильные ливни и снегопады), лесные пожары и др. Данные природные явления обусловливают значительное количество пострадавших и большой размер экономических потерь. В статье рассматриваются классификации угроз природного характера, построенные на различных основаниях. Они взаимно дополняют друг друга, поскольку группируют опасные явления природного характера на основании тех или иных естественных закономерностей, отражающих содержательное и сущностное единство. Подобные классификации служат лучшему познанию исследуемых явлений. Поскольку потребность в обеспечении безопасности относится к числу базовых мотивов деятельности человека, постольку возникает необходимость фиксации и изучения данных о произошедших чрезвычайных ситуациях природного характера, а также о действиях, направленных на минимизацию вредных последствий таких событий. В связи с этим возникает необходимость анализа как данных об опасных природных явлениях в целом, так и статистике чрезвычайных ситуаций природного характера.

Natural hazards remain to be the one of the major threats to human normal vital activity. Thus, according to statistical data, Russia is characterized by earthquakes, landslides and mudflows, floods, hazardous atmospheric processes (hurricanes, cyclones, hails, tornadoes, heavy rains and snowfalls), forest fires, etc. These natural phenomena cause a significant number of victims and high economic losses. The author of article deals with the natural hazards classification based on different grounds. They complement each other because they group natural hazards on the basis of certain natural laws reflecting the substantial and essential unity. Such classifications help us to know better the investigated phenomena. Since the need for security is one of the basic motives of human activity, it is necessary to record and study the information about natural emergencies and actions aimed at minimizing harmful effects of such events. In connection with this, there is a need to analyze both natural hazards data in general and natural statistics emergencies.

Keywords

ОПАСНЫЕ ПРИРОДНЫЕ ЯВЛЕНИЯ, УГРОЗЫ ПРИРОДНОГО ХАРАКТЕРА, ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНЫЕ СИТУАЦИИ ПРИРОДНОГО ХАРАКТЕРА, КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ ПРИРОДНЫХ УГРОЗ, АНАЛИЗ СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИХ ДАННЫХ О ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНЫХ СИТУАЦИЯХ ПРИРОДНОГО ХАРАКТЕРА

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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