The migration of the population, as social, political and historical conditions of the specific phenomenon of the social system and culture, serves the objective requirements of the existence and development of human society and provides the collective nature of human existence. That is why the migration process at the present stage seriously affects the geopolitical structure of states and their communities, unions, and so on. Historical analysis of labor migration in USSR allows the reader to see the main priority direction of migration of those times, and most importantly, to understand its causes. The author identifies three main periods: the immigration policy of the Soviet state in 1920 1930’s, in the postwar years and in the late USSR (until 1991), the greatest attention is given to the participation of the USSR as a donor country in shaping migration flows. The trends and causes of changes in public policy in the field of labor migration during the Soviet era are analyzed. Summarizing, we can say that migration in 1920-1930-ies was forced. Migrants have been used to develop new land. The post-war period of labor migration as well wore coercive, but there was created a system of organized recruitment. In the late Soviet Union (1991) migration was processed accordingly with a plan for the economic development of the country.

Статья посвящена процессам трудовой миграции в Советском Союзе, их характерным особенностям и закономерностям. Автор выделяет три основных периода: переселенческая политика советского государства в 1920-1930-е годы, в послевоенные годы и в период позднего СССР (до 1991 г.). Наибольшее внимание уделяется участию СССР в качестве страны-донора в формировании миграционных потоков. Анализируются тенденции и причины изменения государственной политики в области трудовой миграции на протяжении советской эпохи.