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Внешние и внутренние факторы демократизации: опыт постсоветских стран Балтии

Внешние и внутренние факторы демократизации: опыт постсоветских стран Балтии

Abstract

The article investigates the problem of the influence of external and internal factors on the processes of democratization in post-Soviet countries. As an empirical analysis of selected cases, the Baltic states, which can be regarded as a perfect example of a relatively successful democratization and at the same time enable us to analyze the role and weight of the external and internal factors in this process. Three stages of democratic reform in these countries, which are discussed in terms of the impact on the democratic processes of the external influence of the structure of the European Union and domestic determinants. It is concluded that if the first stage was dominated by domestic factors in shaping the institutional design of the political system, in the second stage of the predominant trend of democratization has become a requirement of the European Union to change the laws of the Baltic States in accordance with liberal burrows. After integration into the European community of the three Baltic states in 2004 outside influence has waned and the dominant factor in the further democratization again became internal factors. It is concluded that external factors play an important role in improving the already installed democratic institutions. However, the deeper processes of democratic consolidation, related to parameters such as the political culture of the society and behavior of political elites, largely determined by domestic political peculiarities of specific polities.

В статье исследуется проблема влияния внешних и внутренних факторов на процессы демократизации в странах постсоветского пространства. В качестве эмпирических случаев для анализа выбраны государства Балтии, которые могут рассматриваться как идеальные примеры сравнительно удачной демократизации и при этом позволяют проанализировать роль и вес внешних и внутренних факторов в этом процессе. Выделены три этапа демократического реформирования этих стран, которые рассмотрены с точки зрения влияния на демократические процессы внешнего влияния структур Европейского Союза и внутриполитических детерминант. Делается вывод, что если на первом этапе доминировали внутренние факторы в формировании институционального дизайна политической системы, то на втором этапе главенствующим трендом демократизации стали требования Европейского Союза по изменению законодательств стран Балтии в соответствии с либерально-демократическими норами. После интеграции в европейское сообщество трех балтийских государств в 2004 г. внешнее влияние заметно ослабло и доминирующими факторами дальнейшей демократизации снова стали внутренние факторы. Делается вывод, что внешние факторы играют важную роль в улучшении уже инсталлированных демократических институций. Однако более глубокие процессы консолидации демократии, связанные с такими параметрами, как политическая культура социума и модели поведения политических элит, в большей степени детерминированы внутриполитическими особенностями конкретных политий.

Keywords

ДЕМОКРАТИЯ, ПОСТСОВЕТСКОЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВО, ПОСТСОВЕТСКИЕ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ, ГОСУДАРСТВА БАЛТИИ, ВНЕШНИЕ ФАКТОРЫ, ВНУТРЕННИЕ ФАКТОРЫ, ДЕМОКРАТИЧЕСКАЯ КОНСОЛИДАЦИЯ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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