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Взаимосвязь респираторных симптомов и данных исследования функции внешнего дыхания у работников железнодорожного транспорта

Взаимосвязь респираторных симптомов и данных исследования функции внешнего дыхания у работников железнодорожного транспорта

Abstract

С целью изучения распространенности респираторных симптомов среди работников железнодорожного транспорта проведено популяционное исследование, объектом которого явились 1933 мужчины в возрасте от 18 до 60 лет. Основную группу составили 1038 человек, работающих во вредных условиях более года, в группе сравнения находились 895 человек, не имеющих профессиональных вредностей в виде пылевых поллютантов. Опрос респондентов проводили методом анкетирования по основному опроснику «Burden of major Respiratory Diseases WHO Survey», интенсивность курения определяли по индексу пачка/лет, исследование функции внешнего дыхания (ФВД) выполняли методом спирометрии. Установлено, что среди мужчин, подвергающихся воздействию промышленных аэрозолей, выявлено большее количество лиц, предъявляющих респираторные жалобы 21,5% из числа респондентов, работающих во вредных условиях, и 14,8% из группы сравнения. Мужчины, работающие в условиях пылевого загрязнения, курят интенсивнее, чем мужчины, не имеющие профессиональных факторов риска. Частота встречаемости респираторных симптомов увеличивается пропорционально интенсивности курения. Отсутствие респираторных жалоб не исключает наличие патологических изменений на спирограмме при исследовании ФВД. Патологические изменения ФВД встречаются примерно с одинаковой частотой как среди работающих во вредных условиях, так и у мужчин, не имеющих профессиональных факторов риска. У работников железнодорожного транспорта табакокурение оказывает более значимое влияние на развитие хронических бронхолегочных заболеваний, чем ингаляции промышленных аэрозолей. Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких среди работников железнодорожного транспорта чаше выявляется у мужчин, подвергающихся таким профессиональным вредностям, как сварочные аэрозоли, в сравнении с другими профессиональными вредностями.

The examination of 1933 men aged 18 to 60 was done for the purpose of studying respiratory symptoms prevalence among railway transportation workers. The main group consisted of 1038 people working in hazardous conditions for more than a year, and the group of comparison involved 895 people without occupational hazards in the form of dust pollutants. The respondents were interviewed by the main questionnaire «Burden of major Respiratory Diseases WHO Survey»; the intensity of smoking was identified by the index of packs/years; the study of lung function (LF) was carried out with the spirometry. It was found out that among the men who were exposed to industrial aerosols there was a big number of people with respiratory complaints: 21.5% was among the respondents working in hazardous conditions, and 14.5% was from the group of comparison. The men who work in the dust pollution smoke more than the men without professional risk factors. The frequency of respiratory symptoms increases proportionally the intensity of smoking. The absence of respiratory complaints does not exclude the presence of pathological changes in the spirogram in the study of LF. Approximately identical frequency of LF pathological changes can be observed both among men working in harmful conditions and men who do not have professional risk factors. Smoking has a more significant impact on the development of chronic bronchopulmonary diseases in workers of railway transportation than the inhalation of industrial aerosols. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among railway transportation workers is more often diagnosed in men exposed to occupational hazards such as welding fumes than in men working in other occupational hazards.

Keywords

ХРОНИЧЕСКАЯ ОБСТРУКТИВНАЯ БОЛЕЗНЬ ЛЕГКИХ, ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫЕ АЭРОЗОЛИ, КУРЕНИЕ, РЕСПИРАТОРНЫЕ ЖАЛОБЫ, СПИРОМЕТРИЯ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
bronze