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Социальное измерение особо охраняемых природных территорий

Социальное измерение особо охраняемых природных территорий

Abstract

Approaches to the consideration of functions of specially protected natural areas (SPNA) in the development of society seek to determine the size of the territory withdrawn from agricultural use for the purposes of nature conservation; these approaches also aim to evaluate money revenue gained from these territories. However, the influence of SPNA on public life is not reduced to the “monetization” of the territory. People who live near conservation areas and experience the advantages (disadvantages) of such neighbourhood should be the focus of the study of the social role of protected areas. The social role of SPNA in the life of local communities in the Arkhangelsk Oblast and the Karelia Republic was identified with the help of public opinion survey. In total 575 people participated in the survey. The research was carried out in the settlements located within the boundaries of Kenozersky and Vodlozersky national parks, and near Shilovsky Nature Reserve. When measuring the impact of conservation areas on the society of the neighbouring settlements, the authors define the axiological, emotional-and-psychological, activity-and-regulatory, economic, forecasting and integrated components. The research findings show that the residents acknowledge the conservation value of protected areas; many of the inhabitants of adjacent territories do not experience inconveniences in connection with the special environmental regime, they earn income connected to the operation of SPNA; there is a positive attitude towards the activity of SPNA. If these areas cease functioning, then one third of the respondents expect negative changes in their life. Specially protected natural areas contribute to the socio-cultural and spiritual development of the local community to a greater extent in comparison with its socio-economic development. The presence of SPNA on the territory of the municipality opens up opportunities for new types of economic activities, provides employment in the field of recreation and tourism.

Подходы, применяемые к рассмотрению функции особо охраняемых природных территорий (ООПТ) в развитии общества направлены на определение размера территории, изъятой из хозяйственного оборота для природоохранных целей, и оценку приносимых этими территориями денежных доходов. Вместе с тем влияние ООПТ на общественную жизнь не ограничивается лишь «монетизацией» территории. Население, проживающее вблизи природоохранной территории и испытывающее преимущества (недостатки) такого соседства, должно быть в фокусе исследования социальной роли ООПТ. В Архангельской области и Республике Карелия выявление социальной роли ООПТ в жизни местных сообществ проводилось путем изучения общественного мнения методом опроса. Всего в опросе приняло участие 575 человек. Исследования проводились в поселениях, расположенных в границах национальных парков Кенозерский и Водлозерский, вблизи заказника Шиловский. При измерении влияния природоохранных территорий на социум сопредельных поселений выделены аксиологическая, эмоционально-психологическая, деятельностно-регламентирующая, экономическая, прогностическая и комплексная составляющие. Результаты исследований показывают, что населением признается природоохранная ценность ООПТ; многие жители сопредельных территорий не испытывают неудобств в связи с природоохранным режимом, получают доходы в связи с функционированием ООПТ; отмечается положительное отношение к деятельности ООПТ. В случае прекращения функционирования ухудшений в жизни ожидает треть опрошенных. Особо охраняемые природные территории способствуют социокультурному и духовному развитию местного сообщества в большей степени, чем социально-экономическому. Наличие на территории муниципального образования ООПТ открывает возможности для новых видов экономической деятельности, обеспечивает занятость в сфере рекреации и туризма.

Keywords

ОСОБО ОХРАНЯЕМЫЕ ПРИРОДНЫЕ ТЕРРИТОРИИ, СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ФУНКЦИЯ ПРИРОДООХРАННЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ, СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ, ПРИРОДОПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ, УДАЛЕННЫЕ СЕЛЬСКИЕ ПОСЕЛЕНИЯ

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    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
bronze