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Теория И. Е. Забелина о возникновении шатровых храмов и ее влияние на науку о древнерусской архитектуре

Теория И. Е. Забелина о возникновении шатровых храмов и ее влияние на науку о древнерусской архитектуре

Abstract

Works by Ivan Zabelin proved to be a very notable page in a history of Russian science of art. His concept and ideas are still of great interest today for discussion on originality and borrowing is still going on, and hypothesis of the origin of the tent shaping is being firmly associated with the name of this outstanding scientist. Studying the ‟organic” development of the Russian architecture of the 15-17 centuries he insisted on its self-dependence and was writing about its special stylistic features. His proof of the transferring of the tent and tower forms from the timber building practice influenced greatly both his contemporaries and the scientists to follow. Novelties brought by the foreign mostly Italian masters he considered to be rather influential but not of the prime importance. Zabelin’s experience concerning methods and approaches of art history is connected with detailed study of the texts, examination of the buildings, measurements, collecting of the drawings. He focused at the special features of the Russian ‟styleˮ both in theory and for practical purpose (for historical styling in the architectural projects) as well as at architectural study based on investigation method of excluding occasional and denoting of the original in the history of forming. His idea of choice in architectural forming was correlated with approaching to an image of beauty, an esthetical ideal that was by no means associated with the national ethnical preferences. Today the interest in his theory is obviously growing that is why alongside with his historical heritage study it is necessary to analyze profoundly what was done by I. Zabelin as an art historian who presented the development of the forms in Russian architecture together with its typical features.

Творчество И. Е. Забелина является важной страницей истории русской науки об искусстве. Его идеи и выводы сохраняют актуальность и сегодня: дискуссия о самобытности и заимствованиях продолжается, и гипотеза о происхождении шатровой формы из деревянного зодчества прочно связана с именем этого выдающегося ученого. Прослеживая «органическое» начало в русской архитектуре XV XVII вв., он утверждал идею ее самобытности, писал о чертах русского стиля и их происхождении. Доказательства перенесения форм шатра и столпообразного храма из деревянного зодчества оказали большое воздействие как на современников, так и на ученых последующих поколений. Влияния новшеств, привнесенных извне (в основном итальянскими архитекторами), ученый не отрицал, но отводил им не первостепенную роль. Опыт И. Е. Забелина в развитии методологии и методов искусствоведения связан с изучением данных письменных источников (летописи, акты), проведением обмеров, сбором изобразительного материала. Главными задачами он считал выявление особых черт русского «стиля» и в исторических, и в практических целях (в связи с распространением архитектуры историзма), изучение архитектуры через анализ бытования форм на основе исследовательского метода, сводящегося к исключению случайного и выявлению органичного. Он рассматривал формы и их сочетания с точки зрения приближения к образу красоты, который для него был связан, конечно, с этническими национальными предпочтениями. Сегодня интерес к идеям И. Е. Забелина очевидно возрастает, поэтому наряду с изучением его собственно исторического наследия необходимо более тщательно проанализировать его деятельность в области искусствоведения, представленную целостную картину развития форм и характерных черт русской архитектуры.

Keywords

И. Е. ЗАБЕЛИН,ДРЕВНЕРУССКАЯ АРХИТЕКТУРА,ШАТРОВЫЙ ХРАМ,I. ZABELIN,TENT-ROOFED TEMPLES,MEDIEVAL RUSSIAN ARCHITECTURE

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Average