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ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ТЕОРИИ БИОГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИХ БАРЬЕРОВ ПРИ МЕЛИОРАЦИИ И РЕКУЛЬТИВАЦИИ ЗЕМЕЛЬ

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ТЕОРИИ БИОГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИХ БАРЬЕРОВ ПРИ МЕЛИОРАЦИИ И РЕКУЛЬТИВАЦИИ ЗЕМЕЛЬ

Abstract

It is proposed to use a theory of biochemical barriers to substantiate methods of land reclamation and recultivation. As an example, land irrigation by waste water of cattle breeding complexes is considered when creating a biochemical barrier to the flow of nitrates in the way of grasses sowing lower along the flow direction, width approximately equal to the irrigated area which is recommended for elimination of ground and river water pollution. For land development with a complex soil covering «dry» drainage» is recommended on the area equal to the bottom of a subdominant hole. The 30 years practical experience of land reclamation of the Palassovskoj irrigation-watering system showed that the entire irrigation of large areas appeared impossible when there was no natural drainage. We do not see the necessity in the entire irrigation of similar spotty salted lands with a complex mezzoand micro relief, almost unprovided with natural drainage due to the reason of its small efficiency and ecological danger. For substantiation of the measures of the preventing secondary land salinization it is feasible to use a conception of halo geochemical capacity or salts capacity, that is equilibrium salts supplies formed under long-term stationary or quasi-stationary external factors: weather, hydrological, soil, organizational-economic. There is simulated a long-term dynamics of the land salts capacity of the Kolochnij steppe of the Western Siberia formed by a flow of ground water from the Altai foothills. The conception salt capacity creates a methodological basis for reclamation of saline soils which should be turned out to the control of this salts capacity but not to occasional salts removal, for example, under major washing without tackling the causes. Creation, destruction, control of biogeochemical barriers reveals the essence of land reclamation and recultivation, replenishes their methods. For their usage there are required adequate mathematical models and ways of long-term forecasting of natural and anthropogenic processes.

Предлагается использовать теорию биогеохимических барьеров для обоснования приемов мелиорации и рекультивации земель. В качестве примеров рассмотрено орошение земель сточными водами животноводческих комплексов, при котором для устранения загрязнения подземных и речных вод рекомендуется создание биогеохимического барьера потоку нитратов в виде посева трав ниже по направлению течения, шириной примерно равного орошаемому участку. Для освоения земель с комплексным почвенным покровом рекомендуется «сухой» дренаж» на площади, равной днищу субдоминантного урочища. Практический 30-летний опыт мелиорации земель Палассовской оросительнообводнительной системы показал, что сплошное орошение больших массивов при отсутствии естественной дренированности оказалось невозможным. Надобности в сплошном орошении подобных пятнисто засоленных земель со сложным мезо-и микрорельефом, почти не обеспеченных естественным дренажем, мы не видим по причине его малой эффективности и экологической опасности. Для обоснования мероприятий предотвращающего вторичного засоления земель целесообразно использование понятия галогеохимической ёмкости или солеёмкости, т.е, установившихся равновесных запасов солей, сформировавшихся при длительных стационарных или квазистационарных внешних факторах: погодных, гидрогеологических, почвенных, организационно хозяйственных. Смоделирована длительная многолетняя динамика солеемкости земель Колочной степи Западной Сибири, формирующаяся потоком подземных вод с предгорий Алтая. Понятие солеёмкости создает методологическую основу для мелиорации засоленных почв, которая должна сводиться к управлению этой солеёмкостью, а не к разовому удалению солей, например, при капитальных промывках без устранения причин, их вызывающих. Создание, разрушение, управление биогеохимическими барьерами раскрывает сущность мелиорации и рекультивации земель, дополняет их приемы. Для их применения требуются адекватные математические модели и способы долголетнего прогнозирования природных и антропогенных процессов.

Keywords

БИОГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ БАРЬЕРЫ,ПЕРЕХВАТ АЗОТА,ДОМИНАНТНЫЕ И СУБДОМИНАНТНЫЕ УРОЧИЩА,"СУХОЙ" ДРЕНАЖ,ГАЛОГЕОХИМИЧЕСКАЯ ЁМКОСТЬ ЛАНДШАФТА (СОЛЕЁМКОСТЬ),BIOCHEMICAL BARRIERS,NITROGEN INTERCEPTION,DOMINANT AND SUBDOMINANT HOLES,"DRY" DRAINAGE,HALO GEOCHEMICAL CAPACITY OF LANDSCAPE (SALTS CAPACITY)

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
bronze