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Системно-синергетические подходы в интеграции теории адаптации и индивидуализации спортивной подготовки в циклических видах спорта, развивающих выносливость

Системно-синергетические подходы в интеграции теории адаптации и индивидуализации спортивной подготовки в циклических видах спорта, развивающих выносливость

Abstract

Вектор развития адаптации и индивидуализации спортивной тренировки базируется на информационном материале совокупности наук в спорте: физиология, теория и методика спортивной подготовки, биомеханика, психофизиология, генетика, молекулярная биология, человековедение и др., а также эффективных технологиях спортивной подготовки, включающих ускоренное восстановление, сбалансированное многоразовое питание и фармакологические поддержки организма. Вызов спорта высших достижений заключается в достижении элитных показателей, детерминированных комплексом фенотипов, сформированных под воздействием экологических и генетических факторов. Достижение элитного спортивного статуса, по мнению Т. Ранкинена с соавт., вероятно включает в себя несколько генетических факторов. На сегодняшний день выявлены 20 одиночных нуклеотидных полиморфизмов (SNP), которые связаны с элитным спортивным статусом. При этом неясно, имеют ли большое значение генетические вариации и комбинации при определенном векторе мышечных воздействий (преимущественно на выносливость, силу, скоростно-силовые качества). Спортсмен приобретает полигенный профиль, который подходит для митохондриального биогенеза, не зависящего от его фенотипических возможностей при специальной подготовленности к избранной дистанции. Возникает вопрос об индивидуализации процесса спортивной подготовки. Проблема индивидуализации базируется на системно-синергетической концепции менеджмента в условиях спортивной подготовки, диагностирования состояний и восстановления.

Development thrust of adaptation and sports training individualization is based on the information material obtained from set of sports-related sciences: physiology, theories and principled of sports training, biomechanics, psychophysiology, genetics, molecular biology, humanology etc., as well as on efficient sports training techniques involving advanced reco-very, balanced multiple-meal diet and pharmacologic body support. High performance sports challenges an athlete to achieve elite performance indicators determined by complex of phenotypes formed under the action of ecological and genetic factors. According to T. Rankinen et al., achieving an elite sports status involves several genetic factors. So far, 20 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) are known to be associated with elite sports status. However, it is not clear whether genetic variations and combinations are important at certain vector of muscular actions (concerning mainly endurance, strength and speed-strength characteristics). An athlete attains polygenic profile suitable for mitochondrial biogenesis that does not depend on his phenotypic abilities if he is specially trained for chosen race distance. This brings up the question of individualization of sports training process. Individualization problem is based on system-synergetic concept of management under conditions of sports training, state diagnostics and recovery.

Keywords

АДАПТАЦИЯ, ИНДИВИДУАЛИЗАЦИЯ, ЭНЕРГЕТИКА, ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ПРЕДРАСПОЛОЖЕННОСТЬ, МИТОХОНДРИИ, ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ФАКТОРЫ, ВЫНОСЛИВОСТЬ, БОЛЬШИЕ ТРЕНИРОВАННЫЕ НАГРУЗКИ, АККЛИМАТИЗАЦИЯ, МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ, СИСТЕМНО-СИНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКАЯ КОНЦЕПЦИЯ, ДИАГНОСТИРУЮЩИЙ ПОДХОД

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold