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Сверхкритический изопропанол как реагент в органической, металлоорганической, неорганической химии и нанотехнологии

Сверхкритический изопропанол как реагент в органической, металлоорганической, неорганической химии и нанотехнологии

Abstract

В работе дан краткий обзор экспериментальных работ, выполненных д.х.н., профессором С.П. Губиным с коллегами в области химии сверхкритических флюидов. Установлено, что гидрирующая способность спиртов в сверхкритическом состоянии в реакциях с органическими и металлоорганическими соединениями меняется в ряду: (СН 3) 2СНОН > С 2Н 5ОН > СН 3ОН, а алкилирующая в противоположном направлении. Кратные связи С=С, С=О, C=S, C=N, C=P подвергаются гидрированию, а простые между теми же элементами гидрогенолизу. Реакции протекают с хорошими выходами и высокой селективностью. Все описанные реакции протекают без катализаторов. Показано, что сверхкритический изопропанол (СКИ) является универсальным гидрирующим реагентом, который взаимодействует с широким кругом органических и металлоорганических соединений. В лаборатории химии наноматериалов ИОНХ РАН, которой руководит С.П. Губин, разработаны препаративные методы восстановления простых оксидов сверхкритическим изопропанолом. Созданы методики, позволяющие эффективно работать с СКИ в обычных лабораторных условиях. Найдены оптимальные условия проведения реакций (температура, давление), соотношение реагентов в реакциях с неорганическими оксидами. Разработаны методы восстановления СКИ сложных оксидов. Разработан простой метод получения наночастиц металлов восстановлением СКИ наночастиц оксидов этих элементов, стабилизированных в полиэтиленовой матрице. Создан метод восстановления СКИ наночастиц оксидов, локализованных в матрице синтетического оксида кремния, без извлечения наночастиц из матрицы. В лаборатории химии наноматериалов под руководством С.П. Губина создан простой метод получения восстановленного оксида графена из доступного сырья в ощутимых количествах (граммах) и разрабатываются методы получения наноматериалов на основе графена. Установлено, что сверхкритический изопропанол является универсальным, нетоксичным, применимым в мягких условиях, восстановителем, который может использоваться в неорганической химии, нанотехнологии и химии графена.

There is a short review of experimental results, obtained by Prof. S.P. Gubin and his colleagues in chemistry of supercritical fluids. It was found, that isopropanol under supercritical conditions (SCI) changes its hydrogenating capacity in the following order: (CH 3) 2CHOH>C 2H 5OH>CH 3OH. The multiple bonds of different types as C=C, C=O, C=S, C=N, C=P were hydrogenated by SCI. Ordinary bonds C-S, C-Hal, C-M were exposed to effective hydrogenolysis. Reactions were conducted without catalysts; the yields and selectivity of the reactions were high. It was shown, that supercritical isopropanol is universal hydrogenating reagent, which reacts with wide series of organic and organometallic substrates. The preparative procedures of ordinary oxides reduction by SCI were developed in the Laboratory of nanomaterial chemistry IGIC RAS, leading by S.P. Gubin. The methods, allowing working with SCI under normal laboratory conditions were developed. The optimal conditions (temperature, pressure) of the reactions and also the ratios of reactants for working with inorganic oxides were found. The procedure of complex oxides reduction by SCI was developed. The simple method of stabilized in polyethylene matrices nanoparticles metal oxides reduction by SCI to obtain metal nanoparticles was developed in situ. The procedure of SCI reduction of metal oxides, localized in matrices of synthetic SiO 2, without extraction of nanoparticles from matrices was found. The simple method of the reducing graphene oxide fabrication was found in the Laboratory of nanomaterial chemistry IGIC RAS, leading by Prof. S.P.Gubin. This method allows obtaining of appreciable amounts of graphene (grams). At present novel procedures for nanomateriales on the basis of graphene are developed. It was found, that SCI is universal, nontoxic, applicable in mild conditions reducing agent, which can be used in inorganic chemistry, nanotechnology and chemistry of graphene.

Keywords

СВЕРХКРИТИЧЕСКИЙ ИЗОПРОПАНОЛ, ГИДРИРОВАНИЕ, НЕОРГАНИЧЕСКИЕ ОКСИДЫ, ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЕ, НАНОТЕХНОЛОГИИ, ГРАФЕН

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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