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Влияние тепловой обработки на физические показатели и содержание тяжелых металлов в макромицетах

Влияние тепловой обработки на физические показатели и содержание тяжелых металлов в макромицетах

Abstract

The relevance of the study is due to looking for ways to reduce the content of heavy metals in mushrooms, as several times excess oftheir maximum permissible concentrations is registered in macromycetes of the Siberian region. The article demonstrates the influence of heat treatment on physical characteristics (mass, volume, humidity) and the content of some mineral elements includin g heavy metals in mushrooms growing in the Novosibirsk region. It is shown that heat treatment of macromycetes causes a change in physical characteristics: mass and volume reduction, increase of humidity and decrease in the content of trace elements and h eavy metals. The rate of change of the studied characteristics is determined by the species of macromycetes and time of heat exposure. Results of studies have shown that reducing the mass and volume of macromycetes does not lead to an increase in the concentration of heavy metals. When cooking mushrooms for 10 minutes the amount of mineral elements is reduced by 17-66%; for a 20 minute period this characteristic is 1.5-3.0 times less with the greatest losses occurring in nickel and selenium, with both the white milkycapand the chanterelle. Research results proved that the heat treatment canbe considered as heavy metals detoxification factor in mush-rooms when the exposure time is not less than 20 minutes.

Актуальность исследования обусловлена поиском снижения содержания тяжелых металлов в грибах, так как в макромицетах Сибирского региона зарегистрировано их превышение в несколько раз предельно допустимых концентраций. В статье представлены результаты влияния тепловой обработки на физические характеристики (массу, объем, влажность) и содержание некоторых минеральных элементов, включая тяжелые металлы, в макромицетах, произрастающих в Новосибирскойобласти. Показано, что тепловая обработка макромицетов вызывает изменение физических характеристик снижение массы, объема и увеличения влажности и уменьшение содержания микроэлементов и тяжелых металлов. Степень изменения изучаемых характеристик определяется видовой принадлежностью макромицетов и временем теплового воздействия. Результатами исследований показано, что снижение массы и объема макромицетов не приводит к увеличению в них концентрации ТМ. При варке грибов в течение 10 мин количество минеральных элементов снижается на 17-66 %; в течение 20 мин происходит уменьшение в 1,5-3,0 раза, причем наибольшие потери приходятся на никель и селен, как у подгруздков белых, так и у лисичек настоящих. Результатами исследований доказано, что тепловую обработку можно рассматривать как фактор детоксикации тяжелых металлов в грибах при времени воздействия не менее 20 мин.

Keywords

ДИКОРАСТУЩИЕ МАКРОМИЦЕТЫ, ТЯЖЕЛЫЕ МЕТАЛЛЫ, ПЕРЕРАБОТКА ГРИБОВ, ДЕТОКСИКАЦИЯ ГРИБОВ, МИНЕРАЛЬНЫЕ ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold