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Особенности образования и классификации терминов в немецком языке

Особенности образования и классификации терминов в немецком языке

Abstract

The following article deals with the issue and special characteristics of formation of terms and their typology in the German language. Expansion of the scientific and technical branch of knowledge leads to the expansion of the lexicon, i.e. of the terminology content of the language. The subject of this article is the terminology of the German language, the target is description of processes and objective laws of formation and classification of terms. Typology of the terms structures and facilitates the complex terminology system. It is based partially on methods of formation of terms: morphological, semantical, syntactical, as well as other mixed methods. There are different methods of terms classification, for instance, typology based on structure and form, meaning, functions, intralingual and extralingual functions, historical aspects, and usage factors. Like in other world languages terms in the German language is described by some properties, for example consistency, monosemy, accuracy, shortness, emotional and expressive neutrality, lack of synonyms and antonyms. Knowing objective laws and rules of formation of terms, as well as its classification simplifies the process of interpreting the technical scientific texts and allows achieving the precise understanding. The issue of the typology of term is getting more actual and the terminology is a complex, expanded system and has an important role in different fields of functioning of the modern society.

Данная статья посвящена проблеме и особенностям образования терминов и их типологии в немецком языке. Расширение научно-технической области знания приводит к расширению словаря, т.е. состава терминологии языка. Предмет данной статьи - терминология немецкого языка, цель - описание процессов и закономерностей образования и классификации терминов. Типология терминов структурирует, упрощает комплексную систему терминологии. Она частично основана на способах образования терминов - морфологическом, семантическом, синтаксическом, а также других смешанных способах. Существуют различные способы классификации терминов, среди них - типология по структуре и форме, значении, функции, внутриязыковым и внеязыковым функциям, историческим особенностям, а также особенностям употребления. Так же, как в других языках, термины в немецком языке характеризуются некоторыми особенностями, среди которых системность, однозначность, точность, краткость, эмоционально-экспрессивная нейтральность, отсутствие синонимов и омонимов. Знание закономерностей и правил образования терминов, а также их классификации облегчает процесс перевода научно-технических текстов и позволяет добиться точного понимания. Вопрос о типологии терминов набирает актуальность, а терминология представляет собой комплексную, обширную систему и играет немаловажную роль в самых различных сферах функционирования современного общества.

Keywords

ТЕРМИН, ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ЕДИНИЦА, ЗНАКОВАЯ ЕДИНИЦА, ПОНЯТИЕ, ТИПОЛОГИЯ, КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold