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Сравнительная характеристика клинических показателей течения беременности и родов у женщин подросткового и оптимального репродуктивного возраста

Сравнительная характеристика клинических показателей течения беременности и родов у женщин подросткового и оптимального репродуктивного возраста

Abstract

Актуальность. В настоящее время сохраняется достаточно высокая частота родов у подростков, при этом остается спорным вопрос о степени благоприятности течения беременности и частоте осложнений у них. Материалы и методы. На основании данных анкетирования и анализа медицинской документации 500 юных (от 13 до 18 лет) и 1500 женщин оптимального репродуктивного возраста (от 20 до 25 лет) за 2011-2014 годы проведена оценка социального статуса, основных клинических показателей течения беременности и родов. Результаты. Средний возраст юных беременных составил 17,24 ± 0,89 года. Среди беременных подростков преобладали учащиеся школ и средних специальных заведений (57,8 %), среди 20-25-летних работающие (66,9 %). У подростков начало половой жизни происходит в среднем на два года раньше, чем у женщин группы сравнения. У 94,4 % подростков настоящая беременность была первой, в группе сравнения у 74,4 % женщин. Наиболее частыми осложнениями беременности были анемия, угроза прерывания, гипоксия плода, гестационная гипертензия и преэклампсия. Отмечена несколько большая частота их встречаемости у юных женщин. В 92,2 % случаев у подростков беременность завершилась срочными родами, этот же показатель у 20-25-летних составил 94,4 %. Средняя продолжительность родов была аналогичной в обеих группах. Процент кесарева сечения у юных составил 13 %, у женщин 20-25 лет 17,6 %. Выводы. Беременность у подростков, как правило, является незапланированной и возникает при раннем начале сексуальных отношений, при меньшем «стаже» половой жизни, социально зависимом положении и низком профессиональном статусе. У несовершеннолетних по сравнению с 20-25-летними роженицами чаще встречаются преждевременные роды и рождение маловесных детей.

Objective. Pregnancy in teenagers is still frequent, while notions about the level of it’s safety and risk of specific obstetrical complications is controversial. Materials and methods. On the basis of interview and medical charts analysis in 500 minors (13 to 18 years) and 1500 women of the optimal reproductive age (20 to 25 years) for the years 2011-2014, social status, main clinical parameters of pregnancy and labor were examined. Results. The average age of young pregnant women was 17,2 ± 0,89 years. Among pregnant teens the students of schools and specialized secondary schools (57.8 %) were dominated, while majority of 20-25-year-olds (66.9 %) were employed. In adolescents, sexual debut was on average two years earlier than in the control group of women. Primigravida were 94.4 % of adolescents and 74.4 % of women aged 20-25. Among most common complications of pregnancy were anemia, threatened abortion, fetal hypoxia, gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. The risk of complications was slightly greater in young women. In 92.2 % of adolescents and 94.4 % of controls, pregnancy was finished with term delivery. The average duration of labor was similar in both groups. The rate of caesarean section was 13 % in minors and 17.6 % in 20-25 years-old women. Conclusions. Pregnancy in adolescents is usually unplanned and occurs in early onset of sexual relations, “socio-adjective position” and low professional status. Among minors precipitate delivery and preterm birth were more common as well as greater percentage of low birth weight newborns in comparison with 20-25 year old women.

Keywords

БЕРЕМЕННОСТЬ И РОДЫ У ПОДРОСТКОВ,НЕСОВЕРШЕННОЛЕТНИЕ БЕРЕМЕННЫЕ,ЮНЫЕ МАТЕРИ,PREGNANCY AND PARTURITION IN MINORS,PREGNANT ADOLESCENT,YOUNG MOTHERS

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
bronze
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