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Системная трансформация конца 1980 – начала 1990-х гг. В странах Центральной и Юго-Восточной Европы

Системная трансформация конца 1980 – начала 1990-х гг. В странах Центральной и Юго-Восточной Европы

Abstract

The period of global changes was in the countries of Central and South-Eastern Europe in 1989, began a political and social-economic transformation after half a century of domination of the communist system. Radical changes, which removed from power the Communist Parties in many countries were named "velvet" and democratic revolutions. Events of the 80-90-th. years of the twentieth century in Central and South-Eastern Europe in largely, determined the course of development of these countries today. Revolutions in every Eastern European`s country had its own characteristics. It may be noted the evolutionary nature of the dismantling of communist structures in Hungary, the use of the institute "national round table" (NRT) in Bulgaria, the "shock therapy" in Poland, "velvet" or soft nature of the revolution in Czechoslovakia, unifying idea, as a consolidating factor in the GDR, and bloody in Romania. Revolutions of the late twentieth century. and the desire to build a new democratic society, created the conditions for pluralism of views and interpretations of the national history of the countries of Central and South-Eastern Europe and their relationship with the outside world.

В 1989 г. в странах Центральной и Юго-Восточной Европы наступил период глобальных перемен, началась политическая и социально-экономическая трансформация после полувекового господства коммунистической системы. Радикальные перемены, в результате которых коммунистические партии были отстранены от власти, получили названия «бархатных» и демократических революций. События 1980-1990-х гг. в странах Центральной и Юго-Восточной Европы во многом определили путь развития этих государств сегодня. Революции в каждой из восточноевропейских стран имели свои особенности. Можно отметить эволюционный характер демонтажа коммунистических структур в Венгрии, использование института «национального круглого стола» (НКС) в Болгарии, «шоковую терапию» в Польше, «бархатный» (или «нежный») характер революции в Чехословакии, объединительную идею как консолидирующий фактор – в ГДР, и кровавый – в Румынии. Революции конца ХХ в. и стремление к построению нового демократического общества создали условия для плюрализма взглядов и интерпретации национальной истории стран региона и их взаимоотношений с внешним миром.

Keywords

МНОГОПАРТИЙНАЯ СИСТЕМА, РАДИКАЛЬНЫЕ РЕФОРМЫ, ПЛЮРАЛИЗМ, ДЕМОКРАТИЧЕСКОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО, "БАРХАТНАЯ" РЕВОЛЮЦИЯ, "VELVET" REVOLUTION, ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ И СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ, СТРАНЫ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ И ЮГО-ВОСТОЧНОЙ ЕВРОПЫ, ГЛОБАЛЬНЫЕ ПЕРЕМЕНЫ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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