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«Умолчания» поколенческого анализа: объективное и субъективное значение возраста

«Умолчания» поколенческого анализа: объективное и субъективное значение возраста

Abstract

На первый взгляд, поколенческий анализ по определению задача социологической науки, призванной диагностировать состояние и тенденции развития общества, сопоставляя ценностные приоритеты, социальные установки и поведенческие пристрастия составляющих его возрастных подгрупп. Несмотря на отсутствие единого определения понятия «поколение» в научном дискурсе и различия его междисциплинарных трактовок, исследователи сходятся в том, что в социологии мы всегда имеем дело не столько с демографической совокупностью людей одного возраста, сколько с некоей символической общностью, членов которой объединяют схожие условия социального взросления. К сожалению, отечественная традиция использует фрагментарную версию поколенческого анализа, поскольку фокусируется в основном на молодежи (реже трудоспособном населении в целом) и «забывает» о «старых и малых», что обусловлено целым рядом причин, но главные акценты прослеживаются в обоих случаях старшие поколения в значительной степени игнорируются, а для младших сложно подобрать адекватный методологический подход. В статье обозначены тематические приоритеты поколенческого анализа в его социологической версии (фокус на социально-статусных и символических особенностях поколений, а не, скажем, культуре детства как таковой она составляет предмет исторических изысканий), кратко охарактеризованы его ключевые понятия (поколение и когорта) и проблемы, суммированы различия методологических подходов (прежде всего, количественного и качественного) и исследовательских ориентаций, особенно в изучении старших возрастов.

As a rule, it goes without saying that the generational analysis is one of the major tasks of sociology, which aims to diagnose the state and trends of the social development by comparing value priorities, attitudes and behavioral patterns of the age subgroups that constitute the society. Despite the lack of a common definition of ‘generation' in the scientific discourse and the differences in its interdisciplinary interpretations researchers agree that in sociology we define ‘generation' not so much as a demographic group of the same age, but as a certain symbolic community whose members were raised in the similar social conditions. Unfortunately, the Russian sociology adheres to the fragmented version of generational analysis focusing mainly on the youth (less often on the working population as a whole) and ‘forgets' about the elderly and children due to several reasons, but the main ones are evident in both cases the older generations are largely ignored, and for the youngest it is difficult to choose an adequate methodological approach. The article indicates the thematic priorities of generational analysis in its sociological format (focus on the social status and symbolic features of generations rather than on the culture of childhood, which is the subject of historical research), identifies its key concepts (generation and cohort) and problems, summarized the differences of the methodological approaches (primarily quantitative and qualitative) and research orientations especially in the study of older ages.

Keywords

ПОКОЛЕНИЕ,GENERATION,ПОКОЛЕНЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ,GENERATIONAL ANALYSIS,КОГОРТА,COHORT,СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ СТРУКТУРА,SOCIAL STRUCTURE,КАЧЕСТВЕННЫЙ И КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННЫЙ ПОДХОД,QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE APPROACHES,"ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКОЕ" ПОКОЛЕНИЕ,'DEMOGRAPHIC' GENERATION,СИМВОЛИЧЕСКАЯ ОБЩНОСТЬ,SYMBOLIC COMMUNITY

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold