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Северная Русь в Удельный период

Северная Русь в Удельный период

Abstract

Политическое единство Древнерусского государства было относительным, оно держалось на военной силе киевских князей. Рост населения, военного потенциала различных областей Руси стали основой для образования суверенных княжеств. Северная Русь вошла в состав Владимиро-Суздальского княжества (Ростово-Суздальская земля) и Новгородской феодальной республики и стала объектом борьбы между ними за усиление здесь своего влияния. Важную роль в экономике этих государственных образований играло северное население. В большинстве северных территорий земледелие и скотоводство сочетались с промыслами: охотой, бортничеством и рыболовством. Северо-западное побережье Белого моря и наиболее удаленные земли финно-угров и самодийцев являлись районами промыслового хозяйства. Особо ценились пушные звери. Крупнейшим экспортером мехов в Европу был Новгород. Цель работы – показать процесс перемещения русской политической жизни с юга на север. Первыми начали борьбу за объединение Руси владимиро-суздальские князья. Научная значимость статьи состоит в анализе участия славянского и финно-угорского населения Европейского Севера в политической жизни страны. У населения была возможность исторического выбора между республиканской (Новгород) и монархической (Северо-Восточная Русь) формой правления. В ходе формирования единого русского государства новгородская политическая система неизбежно должна была погибнуть. Ее существование на протяжении веков свидетельствует о жизненности неавтократических традиций в средневековом русском обществе. Русская православная церковь способствовала формированию в общественном сознании авторитарного идеала. Население отдельных земель стремилось обрести собственного князя; наделяя его сверхъестественными силами, видело в нем гаранта безопасности и благоденствия своей территории.

The political unity of Early Russia was relative and depended on the military power of the grand princes of Kiev. The growth of population and military potential in various regions of Rus formed the basis for sovereign principalities. Northern Rus became part of the Vladimir-Suzdal (Rostov-Suzdal) principality and Novgorod Republic, which started to compete for extended influence in that region. Northern population of these state entities played an important role in their economy. On most of the northern territories, agriculture and cattle-breeding was combined with hunting, fishing and wild-honey farming. The north-west coast of the White Sea and the most distant lands of Finno-Ugric peoples and Samoyeds were areas of hunting, fur-bearing animals being most valued. Novgorod was the largest exporter of furs to Europe. The paper aimed to show how Russian political life was moving from south to north. Vladimir-Suzdal princes were the first to fight for the consolidation of Russia. The article points out the role of Slavic and Finno-Ugric peoples of the European North in the political life of the country. The population had a chance to make a historic choice: a republic (Novgorod) or a monarchy (Northeast Russia). During the formation of a unified Russian state, Novgorod political system was bound to perish; the fact that it had existed for centuries proves the vitality of non-autocratic traditions in medieval Russian society. Russian Orthodox Church had contributed to the formation of an authoritarian ideal in the public consciousness. In some areas, the population sought to obtain their own prince and, attributing supernatural powers to him, saw him as a guarantor of security and prosperity.

Keywords

политическая история, политическая раздробленность, Удельный период, Северная Русь, Northern Rus.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold