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Категория экологического риска в географических исследованиях

Категория экологического риска в географических исследованиях

Abstract

The article deals with the fundamental problems of geographical research of environmental risk category. The aim of research: to examine the features of formation of risk categories, showing the degree of environmental risk, scale and placement of specific natural and man-made sources of impact on the geographical systems that are subjected to risk. Assessment of risk is considered as a basis for decision-making to reduce the natural and man-made threats of the specified systems. The reception and implementation of these solutions is the basis of the risk management process. Category of environmental risk of works is examined by various experts, including geographers. It is noted that the most important environmental risk factor in the interaction of mining to the environment under current conditions favor increasing feedback, that is the impact of environmental conditions of the choice of solutions for the design and construction of various mining companies and their operation. In the geographical point of view risk assessment involves the identification and evaluation of the functions and properties of the landscape, as well as the development of proposals of the conservation of landscape and its components – soil, water, air, plants and animals, as well as aesthetic qualities of the landscape. The most fundamental importance of the geographical position remains the question of what level of risk may be considered acceptable in terms of the sustainability of natural systems and what should units be measured? This is determined by a set of objective and subjective factors. First of all, the level of risk depends on the trade-off between public services, address issues of environmental safety, scientific experts and the general public. All of them have different opinions degree of natural and man-made danger that exists in each region.

В статье рассматриваются фундаментальные проблемы географических исследований категории экологического риска. Цель исследования: рассмотреть особенности формирования категории риска, показывающей степень экологической опасности, масштаб и размещение конкретных природных и техногенных источников воздействия на географические системы, являющиеся объектами риска. Оценка риска рассматривается основой для принятия решений по снижению природных и техногенных угроз указанным системам. Принятие и осуществление таких решений составляет основу процесса управления рисками. Категория экологического риска рассматривается в работах различных специалистов, в том числе и географов. Отмечено, что важнейшим фактором экологического риска при взаимодействии горного производства с окружающей средой в современных условиях выступает усиливающаяся обратная связь, т.е. влияние условий окружающей среды на выбор решений при проектировании, строительстве различных горных предприятий и их эксплуатации. С географической точки зрения оценка риска предполагает выявление и оценку функций и свойств ландшафта, а также разработку предложений по сохранению ландшафта и его компонентов – почв, воды, воздуха, растений и животных, так и эстетических свойств ландшафта. Принципиально важным с географических позиций остается вопрос о том, какой уровень риска можно считать приемлемым с точки зрения устойчивости природных систем и в каких единицах следует его измерять? Это определяется целым комплексом субъективных и объективных факторов. Прежде всего, уровень риска зависит от компромисса между государственными службами, решающими вопросы экологической безопасности, специалистами научной сферы и широкой общественностью. Все они по-разному оценивают степень природной и техногенной опасности, существующей в каждом конкретном регионе.

Keywords

ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ РИСК, ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ, УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ ПРИРОДНЫХ СИСТЕМ, ГЕОСИСТЕМЫ, ЛАНДШАФТЫ

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
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    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold