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Проблемы «Невмешательства» в гражданскую войну в Испании (1936-1939 гг. ) в германосоветских отношениях

Проблемы «Невмешательства» в гражданскую войну в Испании (1936-1939 гг. ) в германосоветских отношениях

Abstract

The article deals with the problem of Non-intervention Policy in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) in the context of German-Soviet relations on the eve of the Second World War. Scientific novelty of the study is due to a significant number of sources. There are many published foreign documents of the leading European countries and the materials from the Archive of Russian foreign policy are involved too. The agreement on Non-interference in the affairs of Spain was signed by European countries in August 1936 and also the Committee on its compliance was established. They have become an arena of acute diplomatic struggle between the USSR and the fascist countries. At the same time, the author reveals a certain similarity in the tactics of the German and Soviet diplomacy: the denial of the facts of their participation in the Spanish conflict, the accusation of the opposite side in the facts of violation of the Non-intervention agreement. Activities in the implementation of the German and Soviet diplomacy in Non-intervention Policy was based on a combination of the need for cooperation with the Western powers and the obligations to uphold the interests of the nationalists in the Committee (Germany) and Republicans (USSR). At the same time, in some cases, greater tactical flexibility was shown by German diplomacy. Soviet policy delayed the defeat of the Republic in the Spanish Civil War, but the obstructionism of the USSR was significantly constrained the work of the Committee, that's why the first of all the fascist countries won, but they didn't have the need to slow down the development of effective forms of monitoring compliance with the agreement on non-interference. Uncompromising Soviet Union prevented the cooperation of the USSR with the Western countries and contributed to deepening and widening the political isolation of the Soviet Union. The practice of exclusion of the USSR from the decision of the Spanish question was transferred to the sphere of solutions and resolve issues of pan-European problems.

В статье рассматриваются проблемы политики невмешательства в Гражданскую войну в Испании (19361939 гг.) в контексте германо-советских отношений накануне Второй мировой войны. Научная новизна исследования обусловлена значительным числом источников: вместе с опубликованными внешнеполитическими документами ведущих европейских стран привлечен комплекс материалов Архива внешней политики Российской Федерации. Соглашение о невмешательстве в дела Испании, подписанное европейскими странами в августе 1936 г., а также созданный Комитет по его соблюдению стали ареной острой дипломатической борьбы между СССР и фашистскими странами. В то же время автор выявил определенное сходство в тактике германской и советской дипломатии: отрицание фактов своего участия в испанском конфликте, обвинение противоположной стороны в грубых нарушениях Соглашения о невмешательстве. Деятельность в реализации политики невмешательства германской и советской дипломатии строилась на сочетании необходимости расширения сотрудничества с западными державами с обязательствами по отстаиванию в Комитете интересов националистов (Германия) и республиканцев (СССР). При этом в ряде случаев большую тактическую гибкость проявляла немецкая дипломатия. Советская политика в испанском вопросе отсрочила поражение Республики, но от обструкционизма СССР, существенно сдерживающего работу Комитета, выигрывали, прежде всего, фашистские страны, лишенные необходимости тормозить выработку эффективных форм контроля соблюдения Соглашения о невмешательстве. Бескомпромиссность Советского Союза препятствовала сотрудничеству СССР с западными странами и способствовала углублению и расширению политической изоляции СССР. Практика отстранения СССР от решения испанских вопросов была перенесена и в сферу решения и урегулирования общеевропейских проблем.

Keywords

ГРАЖДАНСКАЯ ВОЙНА В ИСПАНИИ (19361939),ВНЕШНЯЯ ПОЛИТИКА ГЕРМАНИИ,ВНЕШНЯЯ ПОЛИТИКА СССР,ГЕРМАНО-СОВЕТСКИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ,ПОЛИТИКА НЕВМЕШАТЕЛЬСТВА В ГРАЖДАНСКУЮ ВОЙНУ В ИСПАНИИ,КОМИТЕТ ПО НЕВМЕШАТЕЛЬСТВУ,МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ,SPANISH CIVIL WAR (1936-1939),FOREIGN POLICY OF GERMANY,FOREIGN POLICY OF USSR,GERMAN-SOVIET RELATIONS,NON-INTERVENTION POLICY IN SPANISH CIVIL WAR,COMMITTEE ON NON-INTERVENTION,INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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