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Московское царство и европейские «Новшества» в начале Смутного времени

Московское царство и европейские «Новшества» в начале Смутного времени

Abstract

The article is devoted to the examination of the issue of Russian borrowing of military and technical as well as cultural experience of the West at the beginning of the Time of Troubles during the reign of Feodor I Ivanovich (1584-1598), Boris Godunov (1598-1605) and Dmitry the Pretender (1605-1606). One of the channels of the Russian contact with the west-European "powder revolution" and culture was foreigners on Moscow service. A lot of them were the military; doctors of the Tsar had a huge power; some merchants (for example, Jerome Horsey) carried out special orders of the Russian government. The article gives the description of western foreigners' position both, at the beginning of the Time of Troubles, when the Moscow government was interested in western innovation, and after 1606, when the situation changed. The author tries to find out in which areas and what kind of foreign experts were used in Russia; what were the reasons for the use of the Western European experts; what were the results of this phenomenon. While analyzing the "Notes" of foreigners, who were on the Russian service at the beginning of the Time of Troubles, the author examines the achievements of the "common revolution" at the beginning of XVII century.

Данная статья посвящена вопросам заимствования Россией военно-технического и культурного опыта Запада в начале Смутного времени в правление Фёдора I Ивановича (1584-1598), Бориса Годунова (1598-1605) и Дмитрия Самозванца (1605-1606). Одним из каналов знакомства России с достижениями западноевропейской «пороховой революции» и культуры были служилые московские иноземцы. Среди них наибольшее число составляли военные, огромным влиянием отличались царские врачи, а некоторые купцы, к примеру, Джером Горсей, выполняли ответственные поручения русского правительства. В статье дана характеристика положения служилых западных европейцев как в начале Смутного времени, когда московское правительство проявляло большой интерес к европейским инновациям, так и после 1606 г., когда ситуация изменилась. Автор выясняет, в каких областях и какие иностранные специалисты работали в России, в чём состояли причины обращения к западноевропейским специалистам, каковы были итоги и значение данного явления. Анализируя «Записки» иностранцев, живших в России в начале Смутного времени, автор рассматривает достижения «бытовой революции» начала XVII.

Keywords

МОСКОВСКОЕ ЦАРСТВО В КОНЦЕ XVI НАЧАЛЕ XVII ВВ,СМУТНОЕ ВРЕМЯ,БОРИС ГОДУНОВ,ДМИТРИЙ САМОЗВАНЕЦ,ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЕ НОВШЕСТВА,ИНОСТРАНЦЫ НА РУССКОЙ СЛУЖБЕ,ЗАИМСТВОВАНИЕ РОССИЕЙ ВОЕННО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО И КУЛЬТУРНОГО ОПЫТА ЗАПАДА,"ЗАПИСКИ" ИНОСТРАНЦЕВ О РОССИИ,MOSCOW KINGDOM IN THE END OF XVI EARLY XVII CENTURY,THE TIME OF TROUBLES,BORIS GODUNOV,DMITRY THE PRETENDER,EUROPEAN INNOVATION,FOREIGNERS ON THE RUSSIAN SERVICE,BORROWING BY RUSSIA OF MILITARY AND TECHNICAL AS WELL AS CULTURAL EXPERIENCE OF THE WEST,"NOTES" OF FOREIGNERS ABOUT RUSSIA

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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