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Жизнь в миру и одиночество в письмах Антуана Арно

Жизнь в миру и одиночество в письмах Антуана Арно

Abstract

The author studies the phenomenon of loneliness as it is explored in the spiritual literature of the seventeenth century, particularly in the correspondence of the noted French theologian Antoine Arnaud, an adept of the convent of Port-Royal. According to Arnaud, the world is poison, and he who dwells within it is assailed constantly by manifold temptations. A truly authentic and pious life involves a retreat from the world, which does not necessarily imply a religious vocation but at least the refusal to be guided by the laws of this world since the world is a slave to the desires of the fl esh and man is corrupted by his own concupiscence, a result of original sin. Arnaud writes not only of the necessity to renounce the world but also the need to deny one’s own nature and its sinful tendencies. The world becomes a battlefield on behalf of truth and the Christian must save truth from being off ended. For Arnaud, life in reclusion from the world remains an ideal, but he is also sympathetic to a more secular life-style. He draws the analogy between the life of a nun and that of a pious married lay-woman. This demonstrates that he does not exclude the possibility of salvation even for those who virtuously live their lives in the world. He becomes still less rigid during the 1680’s, when, in one of his letters, he embarks on a veritable apology for contemporary social structures and the use of luxuries which he sees as a sign and even evidence of the will of God. Such inconsistencies in the thought of Arnaud may be explained by the fact that the author’s primary source is a series of letters which still need to be examined in full and each of which represents a particular and precise moment in the thought of Arnaud, which necessarily varied throughout his literary life.

В данной статье речь идет о восприятии одиночества в духовной литературе XVII в. на примере переписки видного французского теолога Антуана Арно, близкого к монастырю Пор-Рояль. Согласно его воззрениям, мир представляется отравленным, находясь в нем, человек подвержен слишком многим искушениям. Подлинно благочестивая жизнь подразумевает уход из мира, который означает не монашество, но отказ следовать законам мира, находящегося во власти у вожделения с тех пор, как человеческая природа испорчена первородным грехом. С этой точки зрения Арно говорит не только об отъединении от мира, но и от своей собственной природы и ее порочных склонностей. Осуждая мир с его соблазнами, Арно рассматривает его как поле борьбы за истину, а свою миссию видит в том, чтобы защищать ее от поругания. Несмотря на то что жизнь в удалении от мира представляется ему более достойной, он проводит аналогии между жизнью монахини в монастыре и жизнью добродетельной замужней женщины, что указывает на то, что он не исключал возможности спасения и для тех, кто вел добродетельную жизнь в миру. Его позиция по данному вопросу в 60-е гг. смягчилась, так что в одном из писем Арно выступил с апологией существующего социального порядка и потребления предметов роскоши, являющегося его приметой, видя в том проявление воли Божией. Подобная неоднородность взглядов Арно объясняется природой рассматриваемого источника, писем, в которых он находится в процессе становления, так что каждое письмо лишь фиксирует моменты этого движения.

Keywords

ПОР-РОЯЛЬ, ТЕОЛОГИЯ, РАННЕЕ НОВОЕ ВРЕМЯ, ОТШЕЛЬНИЧЕСТВО, РЕЛИГИОЗНАЯ АНТРОПОЛОГИЯ, КОНТРРЕФОРМАЦИЯ, ПЕРЕПИСКА, ПОСТТРИДЕНТСКИЙ КАТОЛИЦИЗМ, ПОВСЕДНЕВНОЕ БЛАГОЧЕСТИЕ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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